Перевод: с греческого на английский

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but iron

Толкование Перевод

1 οὐδέ

οὐδέ, neg. Particle, related to μηδέ as οὐ to μή, partly Conj., partly Adv.:

A CONJUNCTION, but not, mostly answering to μέν (sts. written divisim), Il.5.138, 24.418; without μέν, 5.21, etc.: sts. the first οὐδέ, but not, is folld. by οὐδέ, nor, ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ Ποσειδάων', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ 24.25
.

II more freq. and not, nor: sts. without a neg. preceding, Κίρκη δ' ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον, οὐδ' ἐπὶ σίτῳ χεῖρας ἰάλλοντα Od.10.375
; τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδ' ὑπεύθυνος A.Pr. 326
, cf. 102, 259,al.; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥητόν S.Ph. 756
, cf. 996, OT 398, 868(lyr.), Hdt.1.97, etc.: after a neg. compd., ὃν ἠτίμησ' Ἀγαμέμνων, οὐδ' ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα Il.1.95
; ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις A.Pr. 716
; ἄστιπτος οὐδ' οἰκουμένη S.Ph.2
; ἄθικτος οὐδ' οἰκητός Id.OC39
.

2 with a neg. preceding, nor, βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐ. ποτῆτος Od.10.379
; οὐκέτισοὶ.. μένος ἔμπεδον οὐ. τις ἀλκή 22.226
; οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν οὐ. τιν' ἐγχώρων S.Ph. 692
(lyr.), cf. 681 (lyr.), 905, 955, X.Oec.20.2, etc.: sts. the preceding neg. is itself οὐδέ, = and not, as in Od.22.222; οὐδέ, = nor may be repeated any number of times, e.g. three times in S.OT 1378.—Sts. the neg. follows the whole word-group instead of preceding it, σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν but iron or silver use they not at all, Hdt. 1.215; Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ' Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς Th.6.55
; ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὐ. δίκαιον οὐδὲν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι D.22.4
: but οὐδὲ.. οὐδέ never means neither.. nor (like οὔτε.. οὔτε); where this combination occurs, the first οὐδέ is used without reference to the second, e.g. καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ἡ ἐπιτείχισις οὐδὲ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἄξιον φοβηθῆναι and moreover we have no reason to fear their fortifications, nor yet their navy, Th.1.142.

III οὐδέ may also follow οὔτε, by an anacoluth., as in τε.., δέ .. (v. οὔτε 11.3
); but οὔτε cannot follow οὐδέ.—Cf. μηδέ A. 2
.

B ADVERB, not even, in Hom. mostly with Advbs., οὐδ' ῃβαιόν not even a little, no not a bit, not at all, Il.2.386; οὐ. τυτθόν 1.354
; οὐ. μίνυνθα 20.27
; so also ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδ' ἠβαιαί he has no sense, no not even a little, 14.141, cf. Od.21.288; τότε μὲν εὖ ζῶντες, νῦν δὲ οὐ. ζῶντες Pl.R. 329a
: freq. in [dialect] Att., τούτῳ μὲν οὐ. διελέγετο he did not even exchange words with him, Lys.3.31, cf. Ar.Nu. 425; οὐδ', εἰ γέγονεν, οἶδα D.18.70
, etc.: in the same sense, οὐ. γ' Pl.Phd. 97a
, 97b, 106b; οὐ. γ' αὖ Id.R. 499a
; οὐ. μήν X.Cyr.3.3.50
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. οὐ. μέν Il.9.374
, etc.: in [dialect] Att. freq. with εἷς (whence οὐδείς) , οὐδ' ἂν εἷς θύσειεν Ar.Pl. 137
: sts. without elision, οὐδὲ εἷς ib. 1182, Herod.1.45; οὐκ ἄλλ' οὐ. ἕν Ar.Pl. 138
, cf. Ra. 927; also οὐ. καθ' ἕν Th.2.87
; οὐ. παρ' ἑνός X.Cyr.2.3.10
, etc.—This οὐδέ freq. follows καί, and not even, καὶ οὐδ' αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ .. Th.7.56, cf. X.An.3.2.4, etc.; also ἀλλ' οὐδέ, most freq. in phrase ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὧς .. Il.7.263,9.351, etc.

II also not, not.. either, nor yet.., ὁ δίκαιος τοῦ δικαίου δοκεῖ τί σοι ἂν ἐθέλειν πλέον ἔχειν; Answ. οὐδαμῶς .. ; Qu. τί δέ; τῆς δικαίας πράξεως; Answ. οὐ. τῆς δικαίας Pl.R. 349b
, cf. Ap. 19d, 21d, X.Mem.3.11.4.

C Repetition of οὐδέ and combination with οὐ:

I in Relat. as well as antec. clause, ὥσπερ οὐδ' ηὔχετο, οὐδ' ᾤετο Pl.Alc.2.141a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.6.18.

II οὐ γὰρ οὐδέ, as ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐ. νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε S.El. 595
, cf. Aj. 1242, OT 287, etc.; οὐ. γὰρ οὐ. Il.5.22, 6.130, Od.8.32, Hdt.4.16, etc.; οὐ. μὲν οὐ. Il.2.703, etc.; οὐ μὰν οὐ. 23.441, etc.; cf. οὐ c.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > οὐδέ
2 εὔτολμος

εὔτολμ-ος, ον,

A brave-spirited, courageous, εὔ. ψυχῆς λῆμα Simon.140
; ἀπ' εὐ. φρενός A.Ag. 1302
; of men, v.l. in X.An.1.7.4, etc.: [comp] Comp., Ph.2.122: [comp] Sup., ib.68, D.H.6.14, etc.: usu. in good sense, εὔ. εἶναι κρῖνε, τολμηρὸς δὲ μή Men.Mon. 153
, but iron., εὔ. ἰατρός Gal.15.913
; κύνες Opp.C.3.383
; εὔ. ἄκεα heroic remedies, Aret.CD1.2; so εὔτολμόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.CA2.1; τὸ εὔ. πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους Andronic.Rhod.p.576 M. Adv. - μως Tyrt.15, A. Ag. 1298, D.S.17.34: [comp] Comp. - ότερον Plu.Sol.14, Aret.CA1.1: [comp] Sup. - ότατα Ph.2.461.

II in bad sense, daring, audacious, Anatolian Studies 204 ([place name] Termessus).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὔτολμος
3 σῐδηρος

σῐ́δηρος

Grammatical information: m. (f. Nic. Th. 923)

Meaning: `iron, steel', also `iron tool, sword, iron weapon etc.', metaph. `(iron) toughness' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. -ᾱρος.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. σιδηρό-φρων `iron-minded' (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα f. `hunting spear' (Gortyn, Sagalassos; Zingerle Glotta 19, 80ff.), ὁλο-σίδηρος `made completely of iron' (Attika, Delos a. o.).

Derivatives: (Dor. forms not esp. indicated): Subst. 1. σιδήρ-ιον n. `iron tool' (IA., Cret.); 2. - ίσκος m. des. of a medic. instrument (Crete V--IV^a; as ὀβελίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Form. 408); 3. - εῖα, - εῖον n. `iron mine' (Arist., Delos etc.); 4. - εύς m. `iron smith' (X. a.o.; Bosshardt 56); 5. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. `made of iron, iron' (Pi., Eup. a. o.), also name of a stone (Plin., Orph. a.o.) and several plants, "vervain" (J., Dsc. a. o.; as healing wounds by stabbing, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 89, Redard 61, 76 etc. [s. index]). Adj. 6. - ε(ι)ος, - οῦς, - ιος `iron' (Il.); 7. - ήεις `id.' (Nic.), - όεις (EM), - εόεις (Ep. Alex. Adesp.); 8. - ώδης `id.' (sch.). Verbs; 9. - όομαι, - όω `to be provided with i.' (Th., inscr. etc.) with - ωσις f. `ironwork' (Att. inscr. a. o.), - ώματα n. pl. `iron mountings' (pap. V^p), - ωτός `to stud with i.' ( Edict. Diocl.); 10. - εύω `to work with i., to forge' (Poll.) with - εία f. `ironwork' (X.); 11. - ίζω `to resemble i., to contain i.' (medic.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unexplained. As iron and use of it reached the Greeks prob. from Asia Minor, the Pontus and Caucasus area, the word prob. came the same way. The similarity with Caucas. (Udian) zido `iron' is therefore perh. not accidental; it is also possible that zido was a loan from σίδηρος. -- The old connection with Lat. sīdus `constellation' (Pott) A. W. Persson tried (s. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 64) to give a new foundation assuming, that σίδηρος orig. referred to meteoric iron. Still diff. Deroy Ant. class. 31, 98 ff. (with further very bold combinations): prop. "the red metall" and with σίδη `pomegranate' from pregr. * sida `red'. Crepajac too KZ 80, 249ff. believes in connection with σίδη, but as Illyr. LW [loanword] (IE *su̯eid- 'gleam, be red'). -- Further lit. on σίδηρος and to the other IE words for `iron' in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 234ff. -- Furnée 105 n. connects Udian zido and thinks the word is Pre-Greek.

Page in Frisk: 2,703-704

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῐδηρος
4 σίδηρος

σίδηρος [pron. full] [ῐ], [dialect] Dor. [full] σίδᾱρος IG42(1).102.61 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.: ὁ; also ἡ, Nic.Th. 923: neut. [full] σίδηρον, τό, Sch.D Il.4.151, v.l. in Hdt.7.65 and Daimachus 4J. (but prob.

A f.l. for σιδήριον in Gal.19.72, cf. Hsch. s.v. Ἀκίς): pl. σίδηρα Aret.SD2.12
, EM26.36, Tz. (v. infr.): — iron, σ. πολιός Il.9.366
, Od.24.168; ἰόεις Il.23.850
; μέλας Hes.Op. 151
; αἴθων Il.4.485
, al.; πολύκμητος 6.48
, al., cf. Od.9.393; as an article of traffic, οἰνίζοντο.. Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δ' αἴθωνι σ. Il.7.473
; πλέων.. μετὰ χαλκόν· ἄγω δ' αἴθωνα σίδηρον Od.1.184
; χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σ., of treasures, Il.11.133, al.; as a prize, 23.261, 850; Σκύθης σ., because brought from the Euxine, A. Th. 818; ὁ πόντιος ξεῖνος.. θηκτὸς σ. ib. 942 (lyr.).

2 freq. as a symbol of hardness (cf. σιδήρεος 1.2
), or of stubborn force, Il.20.372, Od.19.494; ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ ς. ib. 211; οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σ. Il.4.510
; ἐκ σ. κεχάλκευται.. καρδίαν Pi.Fr.123.4
, cf. S. Fr. 658; ἦσθα πέτρος ἢ σ. E.Med. 1279
(lyr.), cf. Pl.Lg. 666c; also of firmness, steadfastness, πέτρης ὅ γ' ἔχων νόον ἠὲ ς. Mosch.4.44, cf. Ach.Tat.5.22.

II anything made of iron, iron tool or implement, for husbandry, Il.4.485, cf. 23.834: also of weapons, arrow-head, 4.123; sword or knife, 18.34, 23.30; αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σ. Od. 16.294
, cf. E.Or. 966 (lyr.); axe-head, Od.19.587: generally, arms, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι σ. κατέθεντο Th.1.6
; ὅπλοις τε καὶ σιδήρῳ διώξειν OGI532.25
(Galatia, i B.C.): also, knife, sickle, Hes.Op. 387: pl., fishing-hooks, Theoc.21.49; irons, fetters, Aret.SD2.12, Tz.H.13.302; cf. σιδήριον.

III place for selling iron, smithy or cutler's shop, ἀγαγόντα εἰς τὸν σ. X.HG3.3.7
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σίδηρος
5 χείρ

χείρ, ἡ, χειρός, χειρί, χεῖρα, dual χεῖρε, χεροῖν, pl. χεῖρες, χερῶν, χεῖρας, penult. being regularly short, when the ult. is long; dat. pl. regularly χερσί ( χειρσί occurs in cod.Vat. of LXX, as Jd.7.19, 1 Ch.5.10, and late Inscrr. as CIG2811

A b.10 ([place name] Aphrodisias), 2942c ([place name] Tralles): but Poets used the penult. long or short in all cases, as the verse required, χερός, χερί, χέρα, χέρε, χέρες, χέρας (of which Hom. uses only χερί; χέρα h.Pan.40
); gen. dual χειροῖν S.El. 206
(lyr.), 1394 (lyr.), IG22.1498.76; gen. pl. χειρῶν ib.31, common in Prose.—Poet. forms, dat. pl. χείρεσι ([etym.] ν ) once in Hom., Il.20.468, also Q.S.2.401, 5.469 (v.l.); χείρεσσι Il.12.382
, Pi.O.10(11).62, S.Ant. 976 (lyr.), 1297 (lyr.), and once in trim., E.Alc. 756; χέρεσσι ([etym.] ν) Hes.Th. 519, 747, B.17.49; χερέεσσιν AJA36.460
([place name] Galatia):—[dialect] Dor. nom. [full] χέρς Timocr.9; [full] χήρ Sophr. in PSI11.1214a3 (also, = δίψακος, Ps.-Dsc.3.11); gen. χηρός Alcm.32
, IG42(1).121.22 (Epid., iv B. C.); acc. pl. χῆρας ib.96, [dialect] Aeol. χέρρας Alc.Supp.4.21
, Theoc.28.9.—On the accent and declension of these forms, v. Hdn.Gr.2.277, 748:— the hand, whether closed, παχεῖα Il.3.376
; βαρεῖα 11.235
, al.; or open, flat, χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσι, χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ, 15.114, Od.13.164, al.; εἰς τὴν χ. ἐγχεάμενοί τι X.Cyr.1.3.9
: freq. in pl. where a single hand is meant, Il.23.384, etc.; reversely, sg. where more than one hand is spoken of, e.g. Od.3.37, etc.; dual joined with pl., ἄμφω χεῖρας 8.135
; χεῖρε ἀμφοτέρας Il.21.115
.

2 hand and arm, arm (cf. Ruf.Onom.11,82, Gal.2.347), πῆχυν χειρὸς δεξιτερῆς Il.21.166
; κατὰ χεῖρα μέσην ἀγκῶνος ἔνερθε 11.252
; χεῖρες ἀπ' ὤμων ἀΐσσοντο Hes.Th. 150
; χ. εἰς ὤμους γυμναί Longus 1.4
; ἐν χερσὶ γυναικῶν πεσέειν into the arms, Il.6.81, etc.: hence, words are added to denote the hand as distinct from the arm, ἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα 5.336
; περὶ ἄκραις ταῖς χ. χειρῖδας ἔχουσι X.Cyr.8.8.17
, cf. Pl. Prt. 352a.

3 of the hand or paw of animals, ὅσα [ζῷα] χεῖρας ἔχει X.Mem.1.4.14
; πορεύεσθαι ἐπὶ χειρῶν go on all fours. LXX Le.11.27; so of monkeys, Arist.HA 502b3; of the fore-paws of the hyena, Id.Fr. 369; of the bear, Plu.2.919a.

II Special usages:

1 to denote position, ποτέρας τῆς χερός; on which hand? E.Cyc. 681; ἐπὶ δεξιὰ χειρός Pi.P.6.19
; ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ χειρός Od.5.277
; χειρὸς εἰς τὰ δεξιά S.Fr. 598
; λαιᾶς χειρός A.Pr. 714
(but χείρ is often omitted with δεξιά, ἀριστερά, as we say the right, the left).

2 freq. in dat. of all numbers with Verbs which imply the use of hands, λάβε χειρί, χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι, Il.5.302, 10.501; χερσὶν ἀσπάζεσθαι Od.3.35
; προκαλίζεσθαι 18.20
; χειρί, χεροῖν ψαῦσαι, S.OT 1510, 1466: sts. this dat. is added pleon. by way of emphasis, ὄνυξι συλλαβὼν χερί Id.Aj. 310
.

3 gen., by the hand, χειρὸς ἔχειν τινά Il.4.154
; χειρὸς ἑλών 1.323
, etc.; γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη he raised him by the hand, 24.515, cf. Od.14.319; χερὶ χειρὸς ἑλών Pi.P.9.122
; τινὰ χειρός ἑλκειν Id.N.11.32
; ἀνέλκειν τινὰ τῆς χ. Ar.V. 569
(anap.).

4 the acc. is used when one takes the hand of a person, χεῖρα γέροντος ἑλών Il. 24.361
; χεῖρ' ἕλε δεξιτερήν Od.1.121
; χεῖράς τ' ἀλλήλων λαβέτην, in pledge of good faith, Il.6.233; so ἔμβαλλε χ. δεξιὰν πρώτιστά μοι S.Tr. 1181
; also ἔμβαλλε χειρὸς πίστιν Id.Ph. 813
, cf. OC 1632.

5 other uses of the acc.:

a in prayer or entreaty, χεῖρας ἀνασχεῖν [θεοῖς] Il.3.275, etc.; ποτὶ γούνασι χεῖρας βάλλειν Od.6.310
; ἀμφὶ.. Ἀρήτης βάλε γούνασι χεῖρας Ὀδυσσεύς 7.142
; ἀμφὶ δὲ χεῖρας δειρῇ βάλλ' Ὀδυσῆϊ 23.207
; ἀμφί τινι χεῖρε β. 21.223
; περίβαλε δὲ χέρας Ar.Th. 914
, cf. A.Ag. 1559 (anap.); χεῖρας προΐσχεσθαι Th.3.58
, 66; so also χεῖρας ἀείρων Od.11.423
, cf. Il.7.130 (tm.); χ. ἀνατείνειν (v. ἀνατείνω 1.1
).

b τὰς χεῖρας αἴρειν to hold up hands in token of assent or choice, of persons voting, Ar.Ec. 264; τὴν χ. αἴρειν And.3.41
; ὅτῳ δοκεῖ ταῦτα, ἀράτω τὴν χ. X.An.5.6.33
, cf. 7.3.6; ἀνατεινάτω τὴν χ. ib.3.2.9, 33; χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς Il.22.37
; χεῖρ' ὀρέγων εἰς οὐρανόν 15.371
; χεῖρας ὀ. τινί Od.12.257
; πρός τινα Pi. P.4.240
; ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρ' ὀρέγεσθαι Il.24.506
(but χεῖρά τισι ὀ. to reach them one's hand in help, X.HG5.2.17); also χεῖρε ἑτάροισι πετάσσας Il.4.523
, etc.; πιτνὰς εἰς ἐμὲ χεῖρας Od.11.392
(but χεῖρε πετάσσας abs., of one swimming, etc., 5.374, al.).

c [Ἰλίου] χεῖρα ἑὴν ὑπερέσχε held the hand over

I as a protector, Il.9.420, etc.: less freq. τισι, 4.249, cf. 5.433; χεῖρά θ' ὕπερθεν ἔχεις IG14.1003.10
([place name] Rome).

d in hostile sense, χεῖρας or χεῖρα ἐπιφέρειν τινί, Il.1.89, 19.261, al.; χεῖρας ἐφιέναι τινί 1.567
, Od.1.254, al.; χεῖρας ἐπιβάλλειν τισί Plb.3.2.8
, etc.; χέρα τινὶ προσενεγκεῖν Pi.P.9.36
; χεῖρας ἐπί τινι ἰάλλειν, v. ἰάλλω 1.1.

e χεῖρας ἀπέχειν keep hands off, λοιμοῖο βαρείας χεῖρας ἀφέξει Il.1.97
codd.; κερτομίας δέ τοι.. καὶ χεῖρας ἀφέξω.. μνηστήρων Od.20.263
; ἀθανάτων ἀπέχειν χέρας A.Eu. 350
(lyr.); τὼ χεῖρε ἀπέχεται Pl.Smp. 213d
; παύειν χεῖράς τινος Il.21.294
.

f χεῖρας ἐπιτιθέναι τινί, in token of consecration, 1 Ep.Ti.5.22, etc.

6 with Preps.:

a ἀνὰ χεῖρας ἔχειν τινάς to be intimate with.., Plb.21.6.5; αἱ ἀνὰ χεῖρά τινων ὁμιλίαι S.E.M.1.64
; τὰ ἀνὰ χεῖρα πράγματα the matters in hand, Plu.2.614b, etc. (also οἱ ἀνὰ χ. χρόνοι the current period, PRyl.88.21 (ii A. D.); τὰ ἀνὰ χ. what comes his way, Ps.-Ptol.Centil.18; ἀνὰ χ. τῆς πύλης hard by.., LXX 2 Ki.15.2.

b ἀπὸ χειρὸς λογίσασθαι to reckon off-hand, roughly, Ar.V. 656 (anap.), cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29: but πότισον τὴν γῆν ἀπὸ χειρός by hand, PCair.Zen.155 (iii B. C.).

c διὰ χερῶν ἔχειν, λαβεῖν, literally, to have or take between the hands, A.Supp. 193, S.Ant. 916; διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν to hold in the hand, ib. 1258 (anap.), Ar.V. 597 (anap.); to have in hand, i. e. under control, Th.2.76; διὰ χειρῶν ἔχειν τὴν πολιτείαν Arist.Pol. 1308a27
; τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων keep under control, Th.2.13: later, to have a work in hand, be engaged in it, Phld.Acad.Ind.p.69M. ([etym.] χερός), D.H.Isoc.4; τὰ ὅπλα Plu.Cor.2
, etc. (also διὰ χ. by direct payment, opp. διὰ τῆς τραπέζης by banker's order, BGU1156.8 (i B. C.), etc.; cf. διὰ χ. ἔσπευδε τὴν πρᾶσιν Charito 1.12
); of arms, διὰ χειρὸς εἶναι Luc.Anach.35
; διὰ χ. ἔχειν, c. part., to be continually doing, Plu.2.767c; διὰ χειρός τινος ποιεῖν τι LXXJo.17.4
, al., cf. Act.Ap.7.25, al.

d ἐς χεῖρας λαβεῖν τι literally, S.El. 1120, etc.; to take a matter in hand, undertake it, πρᾶγμ' ἐς χέρας λαβόντ' E.Hec. 1242
; ἄγεσθαί τι ἐς χεῖρας Hdt.1.126
, 4.79, etc.; δοῦναί τινι ἐς χέρας, εἰς χεῖρα, S.El. 1348, X.Cyr.8.8.22; καταστῆσαι εἰς τὰς χ. τινος Aeschin.2.28
; of persons, ἵκεο χεῖρας ἐς ἁμάς thou hast fallen into our hands, Il.10.448 (in Hom. also simply ὅ τι χεῖρας ἵκοιτο Od.12.331
, cf. 24.172); so εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι X.Cyr.7.4.10
, cf. 2.4.15: generally, to have to do with any one, converse with him, Id.An.1.2.26 (so ἐς χεῖρα γῇ ξυνῆψαν E.Heracl. 429
): most freq. ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τισι to come to blows or close quarters with.., A.Th. 680; ἀλλήλοις Th.7.44
: abs., εἰς χ. ἐλθεῖν Id.4.96
; ἐς χ. ἰέναι Id.2.3
, 4.72, cf. PTeb.765.6 (ii B. C.); συνιέναι X.Cyr.8.8.22
; also ἐς χειρῶν νόμον (fort. νομόν) ἀπικέσθαι Hdt.9.48
; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ (fort. νομῷ) ἀπόλλυσθαι Id.8.89
, cf. Aeschin.1.5, SIG167.37 (Mylasa, iv B. C.), Heraclid.Pol.25, Plb.1.34.5, 5.111.6; [full] ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ Arist.Pol. 1285a10, D.H.6.26; ἐν χειρῶν νομαῖς SIG700.29
(Lete, ii B.C.), v. l. in LXX 3 Ma.1.5; ἐν χεροῖν δίκῃ cj. in E.Ba.738; εἰς χεῖρας συμμεῖξαι τοῖς πολεμίοις X.Cyr.2.1.11
; also εἰς χεῖρας δέχεσθαί τινας to await their charge, Id.An.4.3.31; ἐς χ. ὑπομεῖναί τινας Th. 5.72
.

e ἐκ χειρός by hand of man, S.Aj.27: from near at hand, at close range, ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν X.An.3.3.15
; ἀμύνασθαι ib.5.4.25; μάχεσθαι Id.HG7.2.14
, cf. D.S.19.6; πληγὰς ἐκ χ. ἀναδέξασθαι Plu.
tim.4; οὐ μὴ σωθῇ ἐκ χ. σιδήρου LXX Jb.20.24
; ἡ ἐκ χ. δίκη lynch law, D.H.4.37; ἡ ἐκ χ. βία Plb.9.4.6
: metaph., ἡ ἐκ χ. θεωρία closerange reading, D.H.Isoc.2; so of time, out of hand, off-hand, forthwith, Plb.5.41.7, al.

f δέπας μητρὶ ἐν χειρὶ τίθει Il.1.585
, cf. Od.13.57, 15.120, al. (always so of a cup, hence ἐν χερσὶ τίθει δέπας, though found in most codd., was condemned by the critics in Il.l.c., Od.3.51, 15.130); πρεσβήϊον ἐν χερὶ θήσω Il.8.289
; τόξον, ἔγχος ἔχων ἐν χειρί, 15.443, 17.604; σκῆπτρον δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε χειρί Od.2.37
; but ἐν.. χειρὶ σκῆπτρον ἔθηκεν Il.23.568
; of a gift, ἐν χερσὶ τίθει 1.441
, 446; ἐν ταῖς χ. ἔχειν, literally, Pl.R. 432d; τὰ ὅπλ' ἐν ταῖς χ. ἔχων D.9.8
, etc. (metaph., ἔτι μεμνημένων ὑμῶν καὶ μόνον οὐκ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ἕκαστ' ἐχόντων Id.18.226
); but ἐν χερσὶν ἔχειν also, to have in hand, be engaged in, τὸν γάμον Hdt.1.35
; ἑορτήν Plu.Alex.13
; τὴν περὶ Δημοσθένους πραγματείαν D.H.Th.1
; ἐν χειρί τινα δίκην ἔχων Pl.Tht. 172e
; ὁ ἐν χερσὶ πόλεμος the war in hand, D.H.8.87; περιτειχισμὸς ἐν χερσὶν ὤν ib.21; ἡ ἐν χ. ζήτησις S.E.M.11.208
, etc.; freq. of fighting, ἐν χερσί hand to hand, ἐν χ. ἦν ἡ μάχη Th.4.43
; ἐν χ. ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.66
, cf. 4.57,96, etc.; ἐν χ. γίγνεσθαι τοῖς ἐναντίοις Id.5.72
; ἐν χ. εἶναί τινος X.HG4.6.11
; δίκη ἐν χερσί Hes.Op. 192
; ὁ ψόφος τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τῶν ἵππων ὁ φρυαγμὸς ἐν χερσὶν ἐδόκει εἶναι D.S.19.31
; ἡ ἐν χερσὶν [δυστυχία] Plu.Cleom.22: also in dual, τἀν χεροῖν S.Ant. 1345
(lyr.); ἐν χειρί τινος by the hand of.., LXX Jo.21.2, al.; ἐν χ. ἀγγέλου Act.Ap.7.35
(v.l.).

g ἐπὶ χειρὸς ἔχειν on or in one's hand, Thgn.490; ἐπὶ χεῖράς τινων ἐκφέρουσι put into their hands, Plu.2.815b; also ἐπὶ χεῖρά τινος next to, LXXNe.3.4.

h κατὰ χειρός, of washing the hands before meals, ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός (sc. φερέτω τις), Ar.V. 1216, cf.Av. 464 (anap.), Fr. 502 (lyr.), Philox. 1, Ath.9.408e; (without ὕδωρ) κατὰ χ. ἐδόθη Alex.261.2
, cf. Arched. 2.3: prov. of that which is easily come by, Telecl.1.2 (anap.);
πάντα μοι κατὰ χ. ἦν τὰ πράγματα
at hand, Pherecr.146.5
; also κατὰ χειρῶν δοῦναι, χέειν, λαβεῖν, Philyll.3, Antiph.287 (v.l.), Men.470 (troch.), cf. Phot.s.v. κατὰ χειρὸς ὕδωρ: κατὰ χεῖρα in deed or act, κατὰ χ. γενναιότατοι D.H.7.6
; opp. συνέσει, Plu.Phil.7; κατὰ χεῖρά σου according to thy will, LXX Si.25.26: but κατὰ χεῖρας [τῆς σοφίας] by her side, ib.14.25.

i μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχειν between, i.e. in, the hands, Il.11.4, 15.717; [ἄλεισον] μετὰ χ. ἐνώμα Od.22.10
: μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχειν to have in hand, be engaged in, Hdt.7.16.β, Th.1.138.

k λάβε παρὰ χεῖρα take in hand, LXX To. 11.4; but τὸ πὰρ χειρός the work in hand, B.13.10.

l πρὸ χειρῶν
close before one, S.Ant. 1279
, E.Tr. 1207 (s.v.l.), Rh. 274; πρὸ χειρὸς εἶναι cj. in Pl.Com.69.5.

m πρὸς χειρός τινος by his hand, A.Supp.66 (lyr.), etc.; πρὸς ἐμὴν χεῖρα at the signs given by my hand, S.Ph. 148 (anap.); πρὸς χεῖρα ὑποβορβορύζοντες on pressure, Hp.Epid.4.7.

n ὑπὸ χερσὶ ἁλοῦσα under, i.e. by, another's hands, Il.2.374, etc.; ὑπὸ χεῖρα ποιεῖσθαι to bring under one's power, X.Ages.1.22; οἱ ὑπὸ χ. persons in one's power, D.6.34; ὑπὸ τὴν χ. ἐλθεῖν to come into one's hand, Luc.Herm.57, etc.; ὑπὸ χ. in hand, i.e. in stock, Arist.Mete. 369b33; but also, at hand, i.e. at once, Plu.2.548e; τὰ ὑπὸ χ. ib.56b, Dsc.1.35; ὁ ὑπὸ χ. the attendant, Dsc.5.75;
παρέργως καὶ ὑπὸ χ.
extempore, Plu.Arat.3
, etc.; also καθύπο χεῖρα κινῶν [τὰς οὐσίας], in Alchemy, Ps.-Democr. p.51 B.

III the hand often receives the attributes of the person using it, χ. μεγάλη, of Zeus, Il.15.695 (χ. παγκρατής, of God, Secund.Sent.3; χ. ὑπερμήκης, of the 'long arm' of the king, Hdt.8.140.β') ; θοὴ χ., of one throwing, Il.12.306; ἀφνειά Pi.O.7.1
, cf. S.El. 458; εὐσεβεστέρα, εὐφιλής, A.Ch. 141, Ag.34; κάρβανος ib. 1061; γεραιά E.Hec. 143
(anap.); πονηρά Id. Ion 1316
, etc.: to denote wealth or poverty, πλειοτέρῃ σὺν χ. Od.11.359
; κενεὰς σὺν χ. ἔχοντες 10.42
, cf. E.Hel. 1280, etc.

2 it is represented as acting of itself, χεῖρες μαιμῶσιν Il.13.77
, cf. S.Aj.50; χεὶρ ὁρᾷ τὸ δράσιμον A.Th. 554
; δήμου κρατοῦσα χ. Id.Supp. 604
(dub. l.): prov., ἁ δὲ χ. τὰν χ. νίζει Epich.273
; or simply, ἁ χ. τὰν χ. AP5.207
(Mel.).

3 pl., in theurgy, name for spiritual powers, αἱ δημιουργικαὶ [τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος] δυνάμεις ἃς θεουργῶν παῖδες χεῖρας ἀποκαλοῦσιν Procl. in Cra. p.101
P., cf. eund. in R.2.252K.

IV to denote act or deed, opp. mere words, in pl., ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
; μνῆμ' Ἑλένης χειρῶν of her handiwork, her art, Od.15.126 (so in sg., δώρημ' ἐκείνῳ τἀνδρὶ τῆς ἐμῆς χ. S.Tr. 603
); χερσὶν ἢ λόγῳ Id.OT 883
(lyr.), cf. OC 1297, etc.; τῇ χειρὶ χρᾶσθαι to use one's hands, i.c. be active, stirring, opp. ἀργὸς ἐπεστάναι, Hdt.3.78, cf. 9.72; τὰς χ. προσφέρειν to apply force, X.Mem.2.6.31: sg., βούλευμα μὲν τὸ Δῖον, Ἡφαίστου δὲ χείρ A.Pr. 619
; μιᾷ χειρί single-handed, D.21.219; χειρὶ καὶ ποδὶ καὶ πάσῃ δυνάμει Aeschin.3.109
, cf. 2.115; χερσίν τε ποσίν τε Il.20.360
, cf. Pi.O.10(11).62, esp. of using the hands in a fight, cf. supr. 11.6d, e, f; of deeds of violence, πρὶν χειρῶν γεύσασθαι before we try force, Od.20.181; ἀδίκων χ. ἄρχειν to give the first blow, X.Cyr.1.5.13, Antipho 4.2.1, Lys.4.11, etc.; ἀμυνόμενος ἄρχοντα χειρῶν Pl.Lg. 869d
: generally, χεῖρες violent measures, force, ἐπίσχετε θυμὸν ἐνιπῆς καὶ χειρῶν Od.20.267
; ὑπόδικος χερῶν A.Eu. 260
(lyr.); χερσὶ πεποιθώς Il.16.624
, etc.; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ v. supr. 11.6d; ὅπως θανάτοιο βαρείας χ. ἀλάλκοι, v.l. for κῆρας, Il.21.548.

V a number, band, body of men, esp. of soldiers, χεὶρ μεγάλη Hdt.7.157
; in dat., οὐ σὺν μεγάλῃ χ. Id.5.72
; πολλῇ χ. 1.174
, Th.3.96, E.Heracl. 337; pleon., χ. μεγάλῃ πλήθεος Hdt.7.20
; δεδωμάτωμαι δ' οὐδ' ἐγὼ σμικρᾷ χερί A.Supp. 958
; οἰκεία χείρ, for χεὶρ οἰκετῶν, E.El. 629; σὺν πλήθει χερῶν S.OT 123
.

VI handwriting, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ χεῖρα ἀρνήσασθαι Hyp.Lyc.Fr.5
, cf. IG9(1).189 ([place name] Phocis); τῇ ἐμῇ χ. Παύλου I Ep. Cor.16.21, Ep.Col.4.18: copy, counterpart of a document, SIG712.31 (Crete, ii B.C.); deed, instrument, ἡ χ. ἥδε κυρία ἔστω PRein.28.18
(ii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen. 477 (iii B.C.), etc.

b handiwork of an artist or workman, γλαφυρὰ χ. Theoc.Epigr.8.5
, etc.; αἱ Ἐφεσίου χεῖρες Herod.4.72
, cf. 6.66; σοφαὶ χέρες APl.4.262
; τὰς Φειδίου χ. Lib.Or. 30.22
.

VII of any implement resembling a hand:

1 a kind of gauntlet, X.Eq.12.5, Poll.1.135 (pl.).

2 χ. σιδηρᾶ grappling-iron, Th.4.25, 7.62; also of an anchor, AP6.38 (Phil.).

3 axle-tree, LXX 3 Ki.7.18(32).

4 in LXX, pillar or cairn, as it were a finger pointing to heaven, χεὶρ Ἀβεσσαλώμ LXX 2 Ki.18.18
; also ἀνέστακεν αὐτῷ χεῖρα, i.e. trophy, ib. 1 Ki.15.12.

5 χεῖρες ἐλάτιναι, of oars, Tim.Pers.7.

6 catch of a trigger, Hero Aut.13.9; χ. κατάγουσα τὴν τοξῖτιν Ph.Bel. 68.4
, cf. Hero Bel.78.2.

7 instrument of torture, LXX 4 Ma.8.13.

VIII handful, κορώνῃ χεῖρα πρόσδοτε κριθέων Phoen. 2.1
.

IX ointment containing five ingredients, Orib.Fr.89, Alex. Trall.7.1. (Cf. Arm. jein ( dzern), Alb. dore, Tocharian (A-dialect) tsar, (B-dialect) sar, all = hand.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χείρ
6 ἡδύς

ἡδύς, ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ, ἡδὺς ἀϋτμή (as fem.) once in Hom., Od.12.369: [dialect] Dor. [full] ἁδύς [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Boeot. neut. [full] ϝαδού (written γάδου) cj. in Corinn.17 (cf. pr. n.

A ϝαδιούλογος IG7.2788.3
), Elean [full] βᾱδύς (q.v.): irreg. acc. ἁδέα for ἡδύν Theoc.20.44
, for ἡδεῖαν ib.[8], Mosch.3.82: [dialect] Ion. fem. ἡδέᾰ, [dialect] Dor. ἁδέα: [comp] Comp. ἡδίων [ῑ], [comp] Sup. ἥδιστος Od.13.80
, etc.; also ἡδύτερος Thphr.HP3.2.1
, Ps.-Phoc.195, AP9.247 (Phil.); ἡδύτατος ib.11.298.7, Plu.2.98e.

I pleasant to the taste, δεῖπνον Od.20.391
; of wine, 3.51, 9.197, etc.; to the smell, ἀμβροσίην.. ἡδὺ μάλα πνείουσαν 4.446
; ὀδμὴ δ' ἡδεῖα ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ὀδώδει 9.210
; to the hearing, δίδου δ' ἡδεῖαν ἀοιδήν 8.64
; αὐδή Hes.Th.40
; feelings or states, ἡ. ὕπνος Il.4.131
, Od.1.364, al.; κοῖτος 19.510
; ἡδὺ μάλα κνώσσουσα 4.809
; ἡδὺς μῦθος, opp. ἀλγεινός, S.Ant.12: c. inf., φέγγος ἥδιον δρακεῖν A.Ag. 602
; ἡδὺς ἀκοῦσαι [λόγος] Pl.Men. 81d, cf. Ar.V. 503; later ἡ. ἀκουσθῆναι D.H.Comp.9
; εἰ.. τόδε πᾶσι φίλον καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο Il.4.17
, cf. 7.387: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε μετὰ φρεσὶν ἡδὺ γένοιτο ζωέμεν Od.24.435
; ἁδύ τι θαρσαλέαις τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι A.Pr. 536
, etc.; so οὔ μοι ἥδιόν ἐστι λέγειν I had rather not.., Hdt.2.46: neut. as Subst., τὸ δι' ἀκοῆς τε καὶ δι' ὄψεως ἡδύ Pl.Hp.Ma. 298a
; μεμιγμένον τῷ σεμνῷ τὸ ἡ. D.H.Comp.1; τὰ ἡ. pleasures, Th.5.105, Pl.Grg. 495a, etc.: neut. as Adv., ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν merrily, Il.2.270, etc.; ἁδὺ δὲ καὶ τὺ συρίσδες sweetly, Theoc.1.2.

II after Hom., of persons, welcome, S.OT82, Ph. 530 ([comp] Sup.), El. 929; ironically, ἥδιστος.. δεσμώτης ἔσω θακεῖ Id.Aj. 105
; like εὐήθης, innocent, simple, ὡς ἡ. εἶ Pl.Grg. 491e
, Plu.Art.17, etc.: [comp] Sup., ὦ ἥδιστε my good friend (iron.), Pl.R. 348c, al.

2 well-pleased, glad, ἡδίους ἔσεσθ' ἀκούσαντες D.23.64
; ἡδίους ταῖς ἐλπίσιν Plu.Cam.32
; τὴν γνώμην ἡδίω πρὸς τὸ μέλλον ποιεῖν to open a pleasanter view of the future, Id.Fab.5.

III Adv. ἡδέως pleasantly, with pleasure, καθεύδειν Pl.Cri. 43b
; εὕδειν S.Tr. 175
; δρᾶν Id.Ant.70
; ὁρᾶν τινα E.IA 1122
; βίοτον ἄγειν Id.Cyc. 453
; λαβεῖν, δέχεσθαι, Ar.Eq. 440, X.Mem.1.2.4; ἡ. ἂν ἐροίμην I would gladly ask, should like to ask, D.18.64; ἡ. ἔχειν τι to be pleased or content with, E. Ion 647 (but ἵν' ἡ δόκησις Ξοῦθον ἡ. ἔχῃ ib. 1602); οὐδὲ πότων ἡ. εἶχον had no inclination to drink, Hp.Epid.3.13; τινος, of a person, Macho ap.Ath.13.577e; ἡ. ἔχειν πρὸς ἅπαντας to be suave, courteous towards.., Isoc.1.20; τινι D.5.15; ἡ. ἔχειν, of things, to be pleasant, E.IA 483; ἡ. ἔμοιγε κἀλγεινῶς ἅμα S.Ant. 436
; iron., ἡ. γε ' prettily said', Pl.Hp.Ma. 300c: [comp] Comp. ἥδιον Lys.7.40
, Pherecr.67, etc.: [comp] Sup., ἥδιστα μεντἂν ἤκουσα Pl.Tht. 183d
, etc.

2 in Hom. neut. ἡδύ as Adv. (v. supr.), cf. ἥδομαι. [ἥδῐον E.Supp. 1101
(s.v.l.), Ar. V. 298 (lyr.), Alex.25.6, but ἡδίον (α) [ῑ] E.Cyc. 251, etc.] (Skt. svādús, Lat. suāvis.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἡδύς
7 γε

γε, [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.

I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, Od.9.393; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them, 17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366
; ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, S.OC42, etc.: with negs., οὐ δύο γε not even two, Il.5.303, 20.286; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, E.IA9.

2 with Pronouns: with Pron. of [ per.] 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα [dialect] Lacon., but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα [dialect] Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. ὅ γε: with demonstr. Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Com. coalescing with -ί final, αὑτηγί Ar.Ach. 784
; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Id.V. 781, Pax 1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί Th. 646
): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν Il.20.425
, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν S.Ph. 1364
; ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας δασμόν Id.OT35
, etc.; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as.., ib. 365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται Pl.R. 329a
: rarely with interrog. Pronouns,
τίνα γε.. εἶπας
; E.Tr. 241
;
ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ' Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς
; S.Ph. 441
.

3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα Il.5.288
, cf. Od.2.127; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ' ἄν, Ar.Eq. 961, Ra.78, etc.; ὅτε γε Pl.Phd. 84e
; ὁπότε γε S.OC 1699
; ἐπεί γε X.An.1.3.9
; ἐπειδή γε Th.6.18
; ὅπου γε X.Cyr.2.3.11
; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, Th.6.18, Pl.Phdr.25<*>c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., Ar.Ach. 317; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, Hdt.7.16.γ, 143, etc.; ὥστε γε (v.l. ὥς γε), with inf., so far at least as to.., Pl.Phdr. 230b; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E.Alc. 801
; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, S.Ant. 570, OT 715, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα X.Mem.4.5.2
, Pl.R. 412b; ἐάντε γε Id.Plt. 293d
; οἵ τέ γε Id.Grg. 454e
:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. 11.3.

4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, X.Mem.1.4.12, E.Alc. 518, etc.; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, Id.Ph. 1215, Or. 784; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, Ar.Ach. 448; καίτοι γε, v. καί τοι; ἀλλά γε (without intervening words) is f.l. in Pl.Hp.Ma. 287b (leg. ἀλλ' ἄγε), R. 331b ( ἀλλά γε ἕν codd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.
); ἀλλά γε δή dub. in Id.Phdr.262a; later, Plu.2.394c, Ael.NA10.49 codd.: but,

5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν Ar.Eq. 232
, cf. E.El. 754, X., etc.; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. γε μέν Il.2.703
, Od.4.195, Hdt.7.152; γε μὲν δή A.Ag. 661
, S.Tr. 484; γε μέντοι Pl.Tht. 164a
, X.An.2.3.9, etc.: γε δή freq. strengthens an assertion, A.Pr.42, Th.2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή Pl.Euthd. 275a
(cf. also 11.1); γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, Ar.V. 934, Pl. 424, 1041, etc.; γέ τοι Pl. Grg. 447b
; γέ τοι δή S.OT 1171
, Pl.Phdr. 264b; γέ τοί που Id.Lg. 888e
; γε δήπου Id.Phd. 94a
, etc.; γέ που at all events, any how, Ar. Ach. 896, Pl.R. 607d, 478a, etc.; for γε οὖν, v. γοῦν.

II exercising an influence over the whole clause:

1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Od.1.390; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, 9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ.. ὅστις πινυτός γε any man— at least any wise man, 1.229; freq. preceded by καί, usu. with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besi <*>es that.., A.Pr.73; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, Pl.Phd. 58d; καὶ γελοίως γε Id.R. 531a
; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον Id.Cri. 47b
; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ.. καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή Id.Tht. 156b
; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX Ec.2.8
; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν Hp.Septim.9
, cf. Lys.11.7 codd.; καί γε.. ἐκχεῶ Act.Ap.2.18
: hence,

2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Ar.Ach. 1049; κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ' ἔνδυτα .. yes indeed, your clothes, E. Ion 1412; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., Id.Med. 817, cf. S.OT 680, etc.; πάνυ γε yes certainly, Pl.Euthphr.8e, etc.; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, Id.Tht. 165c; sts. preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, ib. 142b, cf. d, 147e; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν E.IT 1212
.

3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,

a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ'.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε .. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., Il.15.49 sq.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, X.Cyr. 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει D.18.272
:—sts. in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε.. ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας .. Hdt.4.120.

b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ .. Id.1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα Th.2.40
; πατὴρ δ' ἐμός.. ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε Od.2.131
, cf. Il.10.504: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι Od.3.214
, cf. Hdt.7.10.θ, S.OT 1098 sq.

4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖν dub. in E.IA70, cf. S.OC 977, Ph. 1003, Ar.Ach.93, 836, etc.; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ' v.l. in Ar.Eq. 698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ' οὐδέποτ' Id.Ec. 748
; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε X.Ap.20
; καὶ νὴ Δία γε Ar.Eq. 1350
, D.Chr.17.4, Luc. Merc.Cond.28, Lib.Or.11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί', ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε .. D.13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν X.HG7.1.37
; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ .. Od.8.209, etc.

5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), E.HF 861; δρᾶ γ' εἴ τι δράσεις Id.IA 817
, cf. Andr. 239.

III γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, v. supr.1.3; εἰ μή γε.. τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ Lys.31.29
; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ' ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους Ar.V. 1507
, cf. Hdt.1.187, E.Ph. 554, Pl.R. 335b, Grg. 502a.

IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος Th.1.66
, etc.; or the Prep., κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον X.Cyr.3.1.15
; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις S.OT 1380
; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε Pl.Tht. 144e
; τὸ δέ γε ib. 164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν Id.R. 607d
, cf. Phd. 94a, etc.; freq. in retorts, ἁμές ποκ' ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ' εἰμές Carm.Pop.18
; οὐκ οἶδ' ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ', ὡς ἐγῷμαι Men.Epit. 577
, cf. A.Th. 1031, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γε
8 μελάνδετος

μελᾰν-δετος, ον,

A bound or mounted with black, φάσγανα καλὰ μελάνδετα Il.15.713
; μ. ξίφος with iron scabbard, E.Ph. 1091; σάκος μ. iron-rimmed shield, A.Th.43; but μελάνδετον φόνῳ ξίφος E.Or. 821
(lyr.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μελάνδετος
9 κανθός

κανθός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `corner of the eye' (Arist., Nic., Gal.); poet. `eye' (hell.); acc. to H. also `opening in the roof for the smoke, Rauchfang, καπνοδόκη' and `pot, kettle, χυτρόπους' (the last Sicilian).

Derivatives: From here the hypostasis ἐγκάνθιος `which is in the κανθός' (Dsc., Gal.) with ἐγκανθίς f. `tumour in the inner angle of the eye' (Cels., Gal.), acc. to Poll. 2, 71 = `inner corner of the eye'; also ἐπικανθίς `id.' (Hippiatr., v. l. in Poll. l. c.). Deriv. κανθώδης `rounded' (Call. Fr. 504 coni. Hemsterhuys; codd. καθν-, κυκν-).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Not well explained. From κανθώδης in Callimachos to conclude to a original meaning `curve\/-ing' is not allowed. - One compares Celtic words, e. g. Welsh cant `iron band, brim', Gall. (Gallo-Rom.) * cantos, and a Panslavic word for `corner, angle (of a farm) etc.', e. g. Russ. kut, all from IE. * kan-tho- from a root IE. kam- in καμάρα, κάμπτω, but this root is not given in Pok. and κάμπτω (s.v.) is Pre-Greek. Thee comparison is not without poblems, first because Gr. - θ- remains unexplained, second because the Slavic words are suspected to come from the west (s. below). From Celtic comes Lat. cantus `iron band (of a wagon wheel)', from where the Romanic words for `brim, corner etc.' (Fr. chant etc.) and Germanic, NHG Kante, which are irrelevan here. - Speculative Belardi Rend. Acc. Lincei 8: 9, 610ff. (also Doxa 3, 209); his material must be sifted. - Cf. Pok. 526f.), W.-Hofmann s. cantus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kut. - So there is no IE etymology; and an IE pre-form is impossible (*kh₂n̥dh- would hace given *καθ-). So the word is Pre-Greek.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κανθός
10 οὐσία

οὐσί-α, [dialect] Ion.

A - ιη Hdt.1.92
, 6.86.ά, SIG167.26 (Mylasa, iv B. C.); [dialect] Dor. [full] ἐσσία, [full] ὠσία (qq. v.): ἡ: ( ὀντ-, part. of εἰμί sum):—that which is one's own, one's substance, property, Hdt. ll.cc., S.Tr. 911 (s. v. l.), E. HF 337, Hel. 1253 (pl., Fr. 354 (s. v. l.)), Ar.Ec. 729, Lys.18.17, Pl.R. 551b, SIGl.c., etc.; opp. τὰ σώματα (civil status), And.1.74; καλῶς.. ἐπεμελήθη τῶν οὐσιῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δημάρχου BSA24.154
(Attica, iv B.C.); εἰ ἐκεκτήμην οὐ. if I had been a man of substance, Lys.24.11; ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐ. δαπανᾶν Diph.32.7
; πατρῴαν οὐ. κατεσθίειν Anaxipp.1.32
, cf. Critias 45 D.; φανερὰ οὐσία real property, immovables, And.1.118; opp. ἀφανής, Lys.32.4; freq. of estates in Egypt, PTeb.6.23 (ii B. C., pl.), BGU650.3 (i A. D.), OGI665.30 (i A. D.), etc.

II in Philos., like [dialect] Ion. φύσις (with which it is interchanged in various uses, e. g. Philol. 11, Pl.R. 359a, 359b, Arist.PA 646a25, Thphr.HP6.1.1), stable being, immutable reality, opp. γένεσις, ὅτιπερ πρὸς γένεσιν οὐσία, τοῦτο πρὸς πίστιν ἀλήθεια Pl.Ti. 29c
, cf. Sph. 232c; ὧν κίνησις γένεσιν παραλαβοῦσα ἀέναον οὐ. ἐπόρισεν Id.Lg. 966e
; γένεσις μὲν τὸ σπέρμα, οὐ. δὲ τὸ τέλος Arist.PA 641b32
, cf. 640a18, etc.; ὁδὸς εἰς οὐσίαν Id.Metaph. 1003b7
: hence, being in the abstract, opp. non-being ([etym.] τὸ μὴ εἶναι), Pl.Tht. 185c.

2 substance, essence, opp. πάθη ('modes'), Id.Euthphr. 11a; πάθη οὐσίας Arist.Metaph. 1003b7
; opp. συμβεβηκότα ('accidents'), Id.APo. 83a24, PA 643a27; ἡ φύσις [τῆς ψυχῆς] καὶ ἡ οὐ., εἶθ' ὅσα συμβέβηκε περὶ αὐτήν Id.de An. 402a8
.

3 true nature of that which is a member of a kind, defined as ὃ τυγχάνει ἕκαστον ὄν Pl.Phd. 65d
; as τὸ ὅ ἐστι ib. 92d; as τὸ τί ἐστι Arist.APo. 90b30
; τὸ εἶναί τε καὶ τὴν οὐ. Pl.R. 509b; expressed in a formula or definition, ψυχῆς οὐ. τε καὶ λόγον Id.Phdr. 245e
; τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι οὗ ὁ λόγος ὁρισμός, καὶ τοῦτο οὐ. λέγεται Arist.Metaph. 1017b22
; μόνης τῆς οὐ. ἐστὶν ὁ ὁρισμός ib. 1031a1.

4 the possession of such a nature, substantiality, ἔτι ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐ. πρεσβείᾳ.. ὑπερέχοντος Pl.R. 509b
.

5 in the concrete, the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature, applied by Arist. to the atoms of Democritus, Fr. 208; to τὰ ἁπλᾶ σώματα Id.Cael. 298a29
, cf. Metaph. 1017b10; πᾶσαι αἱ φυσικαὶ οὐ. ἢ σώματα ἢ μετὰ σωμάτων γίγνονται Id.Cael. 298b3
, al.; ταὐτὸν σῶμα καὶ οὐσίαν ὁριζόμενοι Pl. Sph. 246a
; but also, νοητὰ ἄττα καὶ ἀσώματα εἴδη.. τὴν ἀληθινὴν οὐ. ib.b.

6 in Logic, substance as the leading category, Arist. Cat. 1b26, Metaph. 1045b29; αἱ πρῶται οὐ. (individuals), αἱ δεύτεραι οὐ. (species and genera), Id.Cat. 2b5, 2a15 (but ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὁ ἵππος.. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐ. ἀλλὰ σύνολόν τι Id.Metaph. 1035b29
, cf. σύνθετος or συνθέτη οὐ. ib. 1043a30, de An. 412a16); ἡ μὲν ψυχὴ οὐ. ἡ πρώτη, τὸ δὲ σῶμα ὕλη Id.Metaph. 1037a5
; ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ. ὡς εἶδος Id.de An. 412a19
; ἡ οὐ. ἐντελέχεια ib.21; [ψυχὴ] οὐ. τοῦ ἐμψύχου Id.Metaph. 1035b15
; of the abstract objects of mathematics, μονὰς οὐ. ἄθετος, στιγμὴ δὲ οὐ. θετός Id.APo. 87a36
.

7 after Pl. and Arist. in various uses, as ἡ ἄποιος οὐ., = ἡ ὕλη, Zeno Stoic.1.24; κατὰ οὐσίαν, opp. κατὰ δύναμιν ἢ ἐνέργειαν, Polystr.p.12 W.; πᾶς νοῦς ἀμέριστός ἐστιν οὐ. Procl.Inst. 171, cf. Plot.2.4.5, 2.6.1, 4.7.8, 6.1.2, al.

8 Pythag. name for I, Theol.Ar.6.

III name of a plaster, Aët.15.15,45.

IV αἱ οὐ. fireresisting substances, Zos.Alch.p.168 B.; of the four σώματα (copper, tin, lead, iron), Ps.-Democr. ap. eund.p.167 B.

V in Magic, a material thing by which a connexion is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent, e.g. a hair, λαβὼν βελόνην διείρων τὴν οὐ. εἰς αὐτήν PMag.Par.1.2949
, cf. PMag.Osl. 1.73; mould from a tomb, PMag.Par.1.435; κυνοκεφάλου οὐ.,.. κυνὸς οὐ., = κόπρος (cf. 2460), ib.2687, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > οὐσία
11 όβελός

όβελός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `broach, pillar in roof russ, bar of metal used as coin or weight, obol' (= the sixth part of a drachme), `horizontal line used as a diacritic' (Il.).

Other forms: ὀβολός (Att.), ὀδελός (Dor., Arc., also Nic.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 111 n. 1), ὀβελλός (Thess.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀβολο-στάτης m. "obol weigher", i.e. `usurer' (Com.), τρι-ώβολον, Dor. - ώδελον m. (- ω- compos. lengthening) `coin of three obols, amount of three obols = half a drachme' (Th., Ar.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 50 w. many details); also ὀδολκαί ὀβολοί H. from *ὀδελ-ολκαί? (Bechtel Dial. 2,715; doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 2, 326).

Derivatives: 1. Diminut. ὀβελίσκος m. `(little) spit, needle, obelisk etc.' (Att., hell.; cf. Chantraine Form. 408); 2. ὀβελίας ( ἄρτος) `bread toasted on a spit' (Hp., Com.; Chantraine Form. 95); 3. ὀβελίτης = - ίας (Poll.; Redard 90); 4. ὀβελεία ( = ία) f. name of an iron object (Att. inscr.), - ία f. `obol tax?' (Kos I^a); 5. ὀβελ-ιαῖος `spitlike' (medic.), ὀβολιαῖος `worth an obol, weighing an obol' (Arist.); 6. ὀβελίζω `to mark with an obelos' (Cic., Hermog.) with ὀβελισμός m. `marking with an obelos' (sch.); but ὀβολισμός m. about `freight' (pap. III^p).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The variation δ: β in ὀδελός: ὀβελός (from where through vowelassimilation ὀβολός, through secondary gemination ὀβελλός; Schwyzer 255 and 238) can be explained from a labiovelar gʷ, with ὀβελός outside Aeolic from analogy (cf. ὠβάλλετο διωθεῖτο H.?). The word is usually connected with the nearly synonymous βέλος, but the initial. ὀ- cannot then be explained. Improbable ( ὀβελός prop. `the meat-portion on the broach') by B. Laum Heiliges Geld (Tübingen 1924) is rejected by Wahrmann Glotta 17, 242 (s. also Idg. Jb. 11, 267). The word is clearly Pre-Greek (Furnée 389).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > όβελός
12 σῑγαλόεις

σῑγαλόεις

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: ep. adjunct of ἡνία, χιτών, εἵματα, θρόνος a. o., approx. `brilliant, gleaming' (Hom.), later of ἀμύγδαλα, μνία (Hermipp., Numen. ap. Ath.).

Derivatives: Besides νεο-σίγαλος `with a new brilliance' ( τρόπος; Pi.), which may have been built to σιγαλόεις after the pattern of παιπαλόεις: πολυ-παίπαλος a. o. (Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8). Denom. verb σιγαλόω `to smoothen, to polish' (Apollon. Lex. s. σιγαλόεντα, sch. Pi.); σιγάλωμα n. `polishing tools of a cobbler' (Apollon. ibd., H. s. σιγαλόεν), also `border, edging of a pelt' (H.: τὰ περιαπτόμενα ταῖς ᾤαις); beside it with loss of the γ (Schwyzer 209) σιάλωμα `iron mountings of a roman longshield' (Plb. 6, 23, 4; H.). The ep. adj. resembles the also epic αἰθαλόεις, ὀμφαλόεις a. o. The technical expression σιγάλωμα, which belongs stilistically to a quite diff. category and as opposed to νεο-σίγαλος cannot be explained from σιγαλόεις, can be derived from σιγαλόω (if this is not a construction of grammarians) but also be an enlargement of a subst. *σίγαλος (cf. e.g. ἀέτωμα to ἀετός).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The ep. adj. resembles the also epic αἰθαλόεις, ὀμφαλόεις a. o. The technical expression σιγάλωμα, which belongs stilistically to a quite diff. category and as opposed to νεο-σίγαλος cannot be explained from σιγαλόεις, can be derived from σιγαλόω (if this is not a construction of grammarians) but also be an enlargement of a subst. *σίγαλος (cf. e.g. ἀέτωμα to ἀετός). -- Etymolog. unclear. After Brugmann IF 39, 143 f. to γελεῖν λάμπειν a. cogn. (s. γαλήνη) with enforcing σῐ- (s. Σίσυφος; σῑ- metr. lengthening); a diff. supposition on σι- in Hofmann Et. Wb. s. v. Diff. Bechtel Lex. s. v.; by Brugmann l. c. rightly rejected. Older attempts in Bq. See also Szemerényi, Studia Pagliaro 3, 243-5.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῑγαλόεις
13 σκάπτω

σκάπτω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).

Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.

Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa I^a). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. I^p); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IV^a)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VI^p, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.X

Etymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.

Page in Frisk: 2,718-720

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
14 ἐπί

ἐπί prep. w. gen., dat., or acc.; s. the lit. on ἀνά, beg. (Hom.+). The basic idea is ‘upon’ (opp. ὑπό) Kühner-G. I 495; s. also Rob 600–605. (In the foll. classifications case use is presented seriatim; in earlier editions of this lexicon all sections, except 13, 17, and 18 [of time], were included under the general rubric ‘Place’.)

① marker of location or surface, answering the question ‘where?’ on, upon, near

ⓐ w. gen., marking a position on a surface ἐ. (τῆς) γῆς on (the) earth (cp. En 9:1; 98:1; ἐ. γῆς 25:6; PsSol 17:2) Mt 6:10, 19; 9:6; 23:9; Mk 6:47 al. (Ar. 12, 1; Just., A I, 54, 7 al.). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης on the sea (cp. Job 9:8; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 129 βαδίζειν ἐ. τῆς θαλ.; Lucian, Philops. 13 βαδίζειν ἐφʼ ὕδατος, VH 2, 4; Artem. 3, 16 ἐ. τ. θαλάσσης περιπατεῖν; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 p. 5, 26ff relying on the testimony of Hesiod: Orion was given a gift [δωρεά] by the gods καὶ ἐ. κυμάτων πορεύεσθαι καὶ ἐ. τῆς γῆς) Mt 14:26; Mk 6:48f; J 6:19 (w. acc. P⁷⁵; s. 4bβ below). ἐ. τῶν νεφελῶν on the clouds Mt 24:30; 26:64 (Da 7:13; cp. Philo, Praem. 8). ἐ. κλίνης 9:2; Lk 17:34. ἐ. τοῦ δώματος on the roof vs. 31; Mt 24:17; 10:27 foll. by pl. W. verbs: κάθημαι ἐ. τινος sit on someth. (Job 2:8; ἐ. τοῦ ἅρματος GrBar 6:2; cp. JosAs 27:1 ἐ. τοῦ ὀχήματος καθεζόμενος; Just., D. 90, 5 ἐ. λίθου καθεζόμενος) Mt 24:3; 27:19; Ac 8:28; Rv 6:16; 9:17 (the same prep. used in Rv w. κάθημαι and dat. s. bα below, and w. acc. cα). ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τινος stand on someth. Ac 21:40; Rv 10:5, 8 (Just., D. 86, 2 ἐστηρίχθαι). With parts of the body: ἐ. χειρῶν αἴρειν carry on (i.e. in/with) their hands Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). ἐ. κεφαλῆς on the head (Hdt. 5, 12, 4) J 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rv 12:1. ἐ. τοῦ μετώπου Rv 7:3; 9:4. ἐ. γυμνοῦ on the naked body Mk 14:51. Cp. use of ἐπί w. καθίζω and gen., and ἐπί w. κάθημαι and acc. Mt 19:28.—In a gener. and fig. sense Ac 21:23.

ⓑ w. dat., gener. suggesting contiguity on, in, above.

α. answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., D. 105, 5 ἐ. τῷ σταυρῷ; Tat., 9:1 ἐ. τοῖς ὄρεσι; Ath. 20, 1 ἐ. τῷ μετώπῳ; Mel., P. 19, 131 ἐ. σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ) ἐ. πίνακι on a platter Mt 14:8, 11; Mk 6:25, 28. ἀνακλῖναι ἐ. τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ on the green grass 6:39. ἐ. τοῖς κραβάττοις vs. 55. ἐπέκειτο ἐπʼ αὐτῷ lay on it (or before it) J 11:38. καθήμενος ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 4:9 (cp. gen. w. καθ. 1a above, and acc. cα below) 5:13; 7:10 and oft. ἐφʼ ἵπποις λευκοῖς on white horses 19:14. ἐ. σανίσιν on planks Ac 27:44. ἐ. τῇ στοᾷ in the colonnade 3:11. τὰ ἐ. τοῖς οὐρανοῖς what is above (or in) the heavens Eph 1:10. ἐπʼ αὐτῷ above him, at his head Lk 23:38 (=Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).

β. answering the question ‘whither?’ on, upon (Hom. et al.) w. verbs that indicate a direction: οἰκοδομεῖν ἐ. τινι build upon someth. Mt 16:18. ἐποικοδομεῖν Eph 2:20. ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπίβλημα ἐ. ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ put a patch on an old garment Mt 9:16. ἐπιπίπτειν ἐ. τινι Ac 8:16. ἐκάθισεν ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ he sat down on the throne GJs 11:1. λίθον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ βαλέτω J 8:7 v.l. (cp. 12a below).

ⓒ w. acc., answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; LXX; JosAs 29:2 φορῶν ἐ. τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ῥομφαίαν; Just., D. 53, 1 ζυγὸν ἐ. αὐχένα μὴ ἔχων)

α. on, over someth. καθεύδειν ἐ. τι sleep on someth. Mk 4:38. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τι sit on someth. Mt 19:28 (in the same vs. καθίζω w. gen., s. a above) J 12:15; Rv 4:4; 6:2; 11:16 al.; cp. Lk 21:35b; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τι lie upon someth. 2 Cor 3:15. κατακεῖσθαι Lk 5:25. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὸν αἰγιαλόν stand on the shore Mt 13:2; cp. Rv 14:1. ἑστῶτας ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν standing beside the sea 15:2. ἔστη ἐ. τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου (the star) remained stationary over the head of the child GJs 21:3. σκηνοῦν ἐ. τινα spread a tent over someone Rv 7:15. ἐ. τὴν δεξιάν at the right hand 5:1. λίθος ἐ. λίθον stone upon stone Mt 24:2.

β. ἐ. τὸ αὐτό at the same place, together (Ps.-X., Respublica Athen. [The Old Oligarch] 2, 2; Pla., Rep. 329a; SIG 736, 66 [92 B.C.]. In pap=‘in all’: PTebt 14, 20 [114 B.C.]; PFay 102, 6.—2 Km 2:13; En 100:2) εἶναι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό be together Lk 17:35; Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44. In 1 Cor 7:5 it is a euphemistic expr. for sexual union. κατοικεῖν ἐ. τὸ αὐτό live in the same place (Dt 25:5) Hm 5, 1, 4. Also w. verbs of motion (Sus 14 Theod.) συνέρχεσθαι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό come together to the same place 1 Cor 11:20; 14:23; cp. B 4:10 (Just., A I, 67, 3 συνέλευσις γίνεται). συνάγεσθαι (Phlegon of Tralles [Hadr.]: 257 Fgm. 36 III 9 Jac.; PsSol 2:2; TestJob 28:5 Jos., Bell. 2, 346) Mt 22:34; Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2); 1 Cl 34:7. ἐ. τὸ αὐτὸ μίγνυσθαι be mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. προσετίθει ἐ. τὸ αὐτό added to their number Ac 2:47.

γ. at, by, near someone or someth. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τὸ τελώνιον sit at the tax-office Mt 9:9 (ἐ. τὰς ὡραίας πύλας GrBar prol. 2); Mk 2:14. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὴν θύραν stand at the door Rv 3:20. σὺ ἔστης ἐ. τὸ θυσιαστήριον you are standing (ἕστηκας deStrycker) as priest at the altar GJs 8:2. ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς among you 2 Th 1:10; cp. Ac 1:21.—Of pers., over whom someth. is done ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐ. τινα speak the name of Jesus over someone Ac 19:13. ἐπικαλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος ἐ. τινα=to claim someone for one’s own (Jer 14:9; 2 Ch 7:14; 2 Macc 8:15) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); Js 2:7; Hs 8, 6, 4. προσεύχεσθαι ἐ. τινα pray over someone Js 5:14.

② marker of presence or occurrence near an object or area, at, near

ⓐ w. gen., of immediate proximity to things at, near (Hdt. 7, 115; X., An. 4, 3, 28 al.; LXX, Just.) ἐ. τ. θυρῶν at the gates (Plut., C. Gracch. 841 [14, 3]; PRyl 127, 8f [29 A.D.] κοιμωμένου μου ἐ. τῆς θύρας; 1 Macc 1:55; Just., D. 111, 4) Ac 5:23 (s. b below for dat. in 5:9). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης near the sea (Polyb. 1, 44, 4; Ex 14:2; Dt 1:40; 1 Macc 14:34) J 21:1. ἐ. τῆς ὁδοῦ by the road Mt 21:19. ἐσθίειν ἐ. τῆς πραπέζης τινός eat at someone’s table Lk 22:30 (cp. POxy 99, 14 [55 A.D.] τράπεζα, ἐφʼ ἧς Σαραπίων καὶ μέτοχοι; Da 11:27 LXX ἐ. μιᾶς τραπέζης). ἐ. τοῦ (τῆς) βάτου at the thornbush = in the passage about the thornbush (i.e. Ex 3:1ff) Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37.

ⓑ with dat., of immediate proximity at, near by (Hom.+) ἦν ἔτι ἐ. τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου was still at the place, where J 11:30 v.l. (for ἐν; cp. Just., D. 402). ἐ. τῇ θύρᾳ (ἐ. θύραις) at the door (Hom. et al.; Wsd 19:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 90; Just., D. 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Ac 5:9 (s. a above). ἐ. τοῖς πυλῶσιν Rv 21:12. ἐ. τῇ πηγῇ J 4:6 (Jos., Ant. 5, 58 ἐ. τινι πηγῇ; Just., A I, 64, 1 ἐ. ταῖς … πηγαῖς). ἐ. τῇ προβατικῇ (sc. πύλῃ) near the sheepgate 5:2; cp. Ac 3:10. ἐ. τῷ ποταμῷ near the river (since Il. 7, 133; Jos., Ant. 4, 176 ἐ. τ. Ἰορδάνῳ) Rv 9:14.—Of pers. (Diod S 14, 113, 6; Just., A I, 40, 7) ἐφʼ ὑμῖν among you 2 Cor 7:7; cp. Ac 28:14 v.l.

③ marker of involvement in an official proceeding, before, w. gen., of pers., esp. in the language of lawsuits (Pla., Leg. 12, 943d; Isaeus 5, 1 al.; UPZ 71, 15; 16 [152 B.C.]; POxy 38, 11; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 382, 23=BGU 909, 23; Jos., Vi. 258; Just., A II, 1, 1 ἐ. Οὐρβίκου). ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος in the governor’s presence Mt 28:14. ἐ. ἡγεμόνων καὶ βασιλέων Mk 13:9. ἐ. σου before you (the procurator) Ac 23:30. ἐ. Τερτούλλου Phlm subscr. v.l.; στάντος μου ἐ. τοῦ συνεδρίου Ac 24:20 (cp. Diod S 11, 55, 4 ἐ. τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου τ. Ἑλλήνων). γυναικὸς … διαβληθείσης ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου Papias (2:17). κρίνεσθαι ἐ. τῶν ἀδίκων go to law before the unrighteous 1 Cor 6:1. κριθήσεται ἐφʼ ὑμῶν before your tribunal D 11:11. μαρτυρεῖν ἐ. Ποντίου Πιλάτου testify before Pontius Pilate 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c). ἐ. τοῦ βήματος (POxy 37 I, 3 [49 A.D.]) ἑστὼς ἐ. τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρός εἰμι I am standing before Caesar’s tribunal Ac 25:10 (Appian says Prooem. c. 15 §62 of himself: δίκαις ἐν Ῥώμῃ συναγορεύσας ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων=I acted as attorney in lawsuits in Rome before the emperors).—Gener. in someone’s presence (Appian, Syr. 61 §324 ἐφʼ ὑμῶν=in your presence) ἐ. Τίτου before Titus 2 Cor 7:14. Cp.10 below.

④ marker of movement to or contact w. a goal, toward, in direction of, on

ⓐ w. gen., marking contact with the goal that is reached, answering the question ‘whither?’ toward, on, at w. verbs of motion (Appian, Iber. 98 §427 ἀπέπλευσεν ἐπʼ οἴκου=he sailed [toward] home; PGM 4, 2468f ἀναβὰς ἐ. δώματος; JosAs 27:1 ἀνέδραμε … ἐ. πέτρας; Jos., Ant. 4, 91 ἔφευγον ἐ. τ. πόλεων; Tat. 33:3 Εὐρώπην ἐ. τοῦ ταύρου καθιδρύσαντος) βάλλειν τὸν σπόρον ἐ. τῆς γῆς Mk 4:26; also σπείρειν vs. 31. πίπτειν (Wsd 18:23; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 11 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 9:1) 9:20; 14:35. καθιέναι Ac 10:11. τιθέναι (Sir 17:4) Lk 8:16; J 19:19; Ac 5:15. ἔρχεσθαι Hb 6:7; Rv 3:10; γίνεσθαι ἐ. reach, be at J 6:21. γενόμενος ἐ. τοῦ τόπου when he reached the place Lk 22:40. καθίζειν take one’s seat ἐ. θρόνου (JosAs 7:1 al.) Mt 19:28 (s. 1a end); 23:2; 25:31; J 19:13 (ἐ. βήματος of Pilate as Jos., Bell. 2, 172; of Jesus Just., A I, 35, 6). κρεμαννύναι ἐ. ξύλου hang on a tree (i.e. cross) (Gen 40:19; cp. Just., D. 86, 6 σταυρωθῆναι ἐ. τοῦ ξύλου) Ac 5:30; 10:39; cp. Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23).

ⓑ w. acc.

α. specifying direction (En 24:2 ἐ. νότον ‘southward’ of position of the mountain) of motion that takes a particular direction, to, toward ἐκτείνας τ. χεῖρα ἐ. τοὺς μαθητάς Mt 12:49; cp. Lk 22:53 (JosAs 12:8). πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὸ ἀπολωλός go after the one that is lost 15:4. ἐ. τὴν ῏Ασσον in the direction of Assos Ac 20:13. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐ. τι turn to someth. 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. Pr 26:11; En 99:5). ὡς ἐ. λῃστήν as if against a robber Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52.

β. from one point to another across, over w. motion implied (Hom.+; LXX) περιπατεῖν, ἐλθεῖν ἐ. τ. θάλασσαν or ἐ. τ. ὕδατα Mt 14:25, 28f; J 6:19 P⁷⁵. Of spreading across the land (PsSol 17:10): famine Ac 7:11; 11:28; darkness Mt 27:45; Lk 23:44. ἐ. σταδίους δώδεκα χιλιάδων across twelve thousand stades Rv 21:16 v.l. (Polyaenus 5, 44, 4 ἐ. στάδια δέκα); ἐ. πλεῖον further (1 Esdr 2:24; 2 Macc 10:27) Ac 4:17.

γ. of goal attained (Hom. et al.; LXX) on, upon someone or someth. πέσατε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς Lk 23:30 (Hos 10:8). ἔπεσεν ἐ. τὰ πετρώδη Mt 13:5; cp. Lk 13:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τινα come upon someone Mt 3:16; also καταβαίνειν fr. above J 1:33; cp. Rv 16:21. ἀναβαίνειν (Jos., Ant. 13, 138; Just., A II, 12, 7) Lk 5:19. ἐπιβαίνειν Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9).—Ac 2:3; 9:4 al.; διασωθῆναι ἐ. τ. γῆν be brought safely to the land 27:44; cp. vs. 43; Lk 8:27. ἐ. τὸ πλοῖον to the ship Ac 20:13. ἀναπεσεῖν ἐ. τὴν γῆν lie down or sit down on the ground Mt 15:35. ἔρριψεν αὐτὸν χαμαὶ ἐ. τὸν σάκκον he threw himself down on the sackcloth GJs 13:1. τιθέναι τι ἐ. τι put someth. on someth. (JosAs 16:11) Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; Mk 8:25 v.l.; likew. ἐπιτιθέναι (JosAs 29:5) Mt 23:4; Mk 8:25; Lk 15:5; J 9:6, 15; Ac 15:10. ἐπιβάλλειν τ. χεῖρας ἐ. τινα (Gen 22:12 al.) Mt 26:50; Lk 21:12; Ac 5:18. Mainly after verbs of placing, laying, putting, bringing, etc. on, to: ἀναβιβάζω, ἀναφέρω, βάλλω, γράφω, δίδωμι, ἐγγίζω, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐποικοδομέω, ἐπιρ(ρ)ίπτω, θεμελιόω, ἵστημι, κατάγω, οἰκοδομέω, σωρεύω; s. these entries. Sim. βρέχειν ἐ. τινα cause rain to fall upon someone Mt 5:45 (cp. PsSol 17:18); also τ. ἥλιον ἀνατέλλειν ἐ. τινα cause the sun to rise so that its rays fall upon someone *ibid. τύπτειν τινὰ ἐ. τὴν σιαγόνα strike on the cheek Lk 6:29. πίπτειν ἐ. (τὸ) πρόσωπον (Jdth 14:6) on the face Mt 17:6; 26:39; Lk 5:12; 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rv 7:11.—To, upon w. acc. of thing πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὴν ὁδόν go to the road Ac 8:26; cp. 9:11. ἐ. τὰς διεξόδους Mt 22:9. ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐ. πᾶν δένδρον so that no wind should blow upon any tree Rv 7:1.

δ. of closeness to someth. or someone to, up to, in the neighborhood of, on ἐ. τὸ μνημεῖον up to the tomb Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1 v.l., 22, 24; cp. ἐ. τὸ μνῆμα Mk 16:2 v.l.; Lk 24:1. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τι ὕδωρ come to some water Ac 8:36. ἐ. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν to the iron gate 12:10. καταβαίνειν ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν go down to the sea J 6:16. ἐ. τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mt 3:13 (Just., D. 88, 3 al.). ἀναπίπτειν ἐ. τὸ στῆθος he leaned back on (Jesus’) breast J 13:25; 21:20. πίπτειν ἐ. τοὺς πόδας fall at (someone’s) feet Ac 10:25 (JosAs 14:10 ἔπεσεν ἐ πρόσωπον ἐ. τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ). ἐ. τ. ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mt 13:7.—W. acc. of pers. to someone ἐ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐλθόντες they came to Jesus J 19:33; cp. Mt 27:27; Mk 5:21.

ε. in imagery of goal or objective to, toward (Just., A II, 7, 6 ἐπʼ ἀμφότερα τρέπεσθαι) ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐ. τινα turn to (Dt 30:10; 31:20 al.; Ar. 2, 1 ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος ‘let us now turn to …’; Just., D. 56, 11 ἐ. τὰς γραφὰς ἐπανελθών) Lk 1:17; Ac 9:35; 11:21; 14:15; 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pt 2:25.

⑤ marker of manner, corresponding to an adv., w. dat. (Aeschyl., Suppl. 628 ἐπʼ ἀληθείᾳ; UPZ 162 VI, 3 [117 B.C.] κακοτρόπως καὶ ἐ. ῥαδιουργίᾳ; POxy 237 VI, 21 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; ἐφʼ ὁράσει En 14:8; Just., A I, 9, 3 ἐφʼ ὕβρει; 55, 7 ἐ. τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι ‘in this form’; Tat. 17, 1 ἐπʼ ἀκριβείᾳ; Ath. 33, 2 ἐφʼ ἑνὶ γάμῳ) ὁ σπείρων ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις (in contrast to ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως one who sows sparingly) one who sows in blessing (i.e. generously) 2 Cor 9:6. ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις θερίζειν reap generously ibid.

⑥ marker of basis for a state of being, action, or result, on, w. dat. (Hom. et al.)

ⓐ ἐπʼ ἄρτῳ ζῆν live on bread Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4 (both Dt 8:3. cp. Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 105c; Plut., Mor. 526d; Alciphron 3, 7, 5; SibOr 4, 154). ἐ. τῷ ῥήματί σου depending on your word Lk 5:5. οὐ συνῆκαν ἐ. τοῖς ἄρτοις they did not arrive at an understanding (of it) (by reflecting) on (the miracle of) the loaves Mk 6:52 (cp. Demosth. 18, 121 τί σαυτὸν οὐκ ἐλλεβορίζεις ἐ. τούτοις [sc. λόγοις];=why do you not come to an understanding concerning these words?). ἐ. τῇ πίστει on the basis of faith Ac 3:16; Phil 3:9. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι on the basis of hope, supporting itself on hope Ac 2:26 (? s. ἐλπίς 1bα); Ro 4:18; 8:20; 1 Cor 9:10; Tit 1:2.—Ac 26:6 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι gives the basis of the trial at law, as does ἐ. εὐεργεσίᾳ 4:9. ἀπολύειν τ. γυναῖκα ἐ. πορνείᾳ Mt 19:9 (cp. Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 10 ἀπολύειν ἐπʼ ἀργυρίῳ; Ath. 2, 3 κρίνεσθαι … μὴ ἐ. τῷ ὀνόματι, ἐ. δὲ τῷ ἀδικήματι). γυναικὸς ἐ. πόλλαις ἁμαρτίαις διαβληθείσης Papias (2:17). On the basis of the testimony of two witnesses (cp. Appian, Iber. 79 §343 ἤλεγχον ἐ. μάρτυσι) Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6); sim. use of ἐ. τινί on the basis of someth.: 8:6; 9:10, 15 (here it may also be taken in the temporal sense; s. 18 below), 17. ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τῷ ὁμοιώματι τ. παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ Ro 5:14 (ὁμοίωμα 1). δαπανᾶν ἐ. τινι pay the expenses for someone Ac 21:24. ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι be content w. someth. 3J 10.

ⓑ w. verbs of believing, hoping, trusting: πεποιθέναι (Wsd 3:9; Sus 35; 1 Macc 10:71; 2 Macc 7:40 and oft.) Lk 11:22; 18:9; 2 Cor 1:9; Hb 2:13 (2 Km 22:3). πιστεύειν Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16). ἐλπίζειν (2 Macc 2:18; Sir 34:7) Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10); 1 Ti 4:10; 6:17; cp. 1J 3:3. παρρησιάζεσθαι Ac 14:3.

ⓒ after verbs which express feelings, opinions, etc.: at, because of, from, with (Hom. et al.) διαταράσσεσθαι Lk 1:29. ἐκθαυμάζειν Mk 12:17. ἐκπλήσσεσθαι Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Ac 13:12. ἐξίστασθαι (Jdth 11:16; Wsd 5:2 al.) Lk 2:47. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι (Is 1:29) Ro 6:21. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Sir 16:1; 18:32; 1 Macc 11:44) Rv 18:20. θαμβεῖσθαι Mk 10:24; cp. Lk 5:9; Ac 3:10. θαυμάζειν (Lev 26:32; Jdth 10:7 al.; Jos., Ant. 10, 277) Mk 12:17 v.l. μακροθυμεῖν (Sir 18:11; 29:8; 35:19) Mt 18:26, 29; Lk 18:7; Js 5:7. μετανοεῖν (Plut., Ag. 803 [19, 5]; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 84; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 7; Just., A I, 61, 10; D. 95, 3 al.) 2 Cor 12:21. ὀδυνᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 6:15) Ac 20:38. ὀργίζεσθαι Rv 12:17. σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 14:14; Lk 7:13. συλλυπεῖσθαι Mk 3:5. στυγνάζειν 10:22. χαίρειν (PEleph 13, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; Tob 13:15; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:2; Ar. 15, 7) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ro 16:19 al. χαρὰν καὶ παράκλησιν ἔχειν Phlm 7. χαρὰ ἔσται Lk 15:7; cp. vs. 10 (Jos., Ant. 6, 116 ἡ ἐ. τῇ νίκῃ χαρά). Also w. verbs that denote aroused feelings παραζηλοῦν and παροργίζειν make jealous and angry at Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21). παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 3:7a (cp. Just., D. 78:8 παράκλησιν ἐχουσῶν ἐ.), as well as those verbs that denote an expression of the emotions ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 13:15; Ps 69:5) Lk 1:47; Hs 8, 1, 18; 9, 24, 2. καυχᾶσθαι (Diod S 16, 70; Sir 30:2) Ro 5:2. κοπετὸν ποιεῖν (cp. 3 Macc 4:3) Ac 8:2. ὀλολύζειν Js 5:1. αἰνεῖν (cp. X., An. 3, 1, 45 al.) Lk 2:20. δοξάζειν (Polyb. 6, 53, 10; cp. Diod S 17, 21, 4 δόξα ἐ. ἀνδρείᾳ=fame because of bravery) Ac 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13. εὐχαριστεῖν give thanks for someth. (s. εὐχαριστέω 2; UPZ 59, 10 [168 B.C.] ἐ. τῷ ἐρρῶσθαί σε τ. θεοῖς εὐχαρίστουν) 1 Cor 1:4; cp. 2 Cor 9:15; 1 Th 3:9.—ἐφʼ ᾧ = ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for this reason that, because (Diod S 19, 98; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 112 §520; Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 640 D.; Synes., Ep. 73 p. 221c; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 154; Syntipas p. 12, 9; 127, 8; Thomas Mag. ἐφʼ ᾧ ἀντὶ τοῦ διότι; cp. W-S. §24, 5b and 12f. S. WKümmel, D. Bild des Menschen im NT ’48, 36–40) Ro 5:12 (SLyonnet, Biblica 36, ’55, 436–56 [denies a causal sense here]. On the probability of commercial idiom s. FDanker, FGingrich Festschr. ’72, 104f, also Ro 5:12, Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’68, 424–39; against him SPorter, TynBull 41, ’90, 3–30, also NTS 39, ’93, 321–33; difft. JFitzmyer, Anchor Bible Comm.: Romans, ad loc. ‘w. the result that all have sinned’); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for, indeed 4:10.

⑦ marker of addition to what is already in existence, to, in addition to. W. dat. (Hom. et al.; PEleph 5, 17 [284/283 B.C.] μηνὸς Τῦβι τρίτῃ ἐπʼ εἰκάδι; Tob 2:14; Sir 3:27; 5:5) προσέθηκεν τοῦτο ἐ. πᾶσιν he added this to everything else Lk 3:20 (cp. Lucian, Luct. [On Funerals], 24). ἐ. τ. παρακλήσει ἡμῶν in addition to our comfort 2 Cor 7:13. λύπη ἐ. λύπῃ grief upon grief Phil 2:27 v.l. (cp. Soph., Oed. C. 544, also Polyb. 1, 57, 1 πληγὴ ἐ. πληγῇ; Plut., Mor. 123f; Polyaenus 5, 52 ἐ. φόνῳ φόνον; Quint. Smyrn. 5, 602 ἐ. πένθει πένθος=sorrow upon sorrow; Sir 26:15). ἐ. τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ to your prayer of thanks 1 Cor 14:16. So perh. also Hb 8:1. ἐ. πᾶσι τούτοις to all these Col 3:14; Lk 16:26 v.l. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 25 al.; Sir 37:15; cp. 1 Macc 10:42; Just., D. 133, 1 ἐ. τούτοις πᾶσι).—W. acc.: addition to someth. of the same kind Mt 6:27; Lk 12:25; Rv 22:18a. λύπην ἐ. λύπην sorrow upon sorrow Phil 2:27 (cp. Is 28:10, 13; Ezk 7:26; Ps 68:28).

⑧ marker of perspective, in consideration of, in regard to, on the basis of, concerning, about, w. gen. (Antig. Car. 164 ἐ. τῶν οἴνων ἀλλοιοῦσθαι; 4 Macc. 2:9 ἐ. τῶν ἑτέρων … ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ath. 29, 2 τὰ ἐ. τῆς μανίας πάθη) ἐ. δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων on the evidence of two or three witnesses 1 Ti 5:19 (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22ff. [Stone p. 32]). Sim. in the expr. ἐ. στόματος δύο μαρτύρων (Dt 19:15) Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1. ἐπʼ αὐτῆς on the basis of it Hb 7:11. ἐπʼ ἀληθείας based on truth = in accordance w. truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17 ἐπʼ ἀληθείας οὐδεμιᾶς εἰρημένα; POxy 255, 16 [48 A.D.]; Da 2:8; Tob 8:7; En 104:11) Mk 12:14, 32; Lk 4:25; 20:21; Ac 4:27. ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ based on himself = to or by himself (X., An. 2, 4, 10; Demosth. 18, 224 ἐκρίνετο ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 16 ἐ. σεαυτοῦ. Cp. Kühner-G. I 498e) 2 Cor 10:7.—To introduce the object which is to be discussed or acted upon λέγειν ἐ. τινος speak of, about someth. (Pla., Charm., 155d, Leg. 2, 662d; Isocr. 6, 41; Aelian, VH 1, 30; Jer 35:8; EpArist 162; 170; Ath. 5:1 ἐ. τοῦ νοητοῦ … δογματίζειν) Gal 3:16. Do someth. on, in the case of (cp. 1 Esdr 1:22) σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἐ. τῶν ἀσθενούντων work miracles on the sick J 6:2.—On B 13:6 s. τίθημι 1bζ.—In ref. to someth. (Aristot., Pol. 1280a, 17; 4 Macc 12:5 τῶν ἐ. τῆς βασιλείας … πραγμάτων; Just., A I, 5, 1 ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ‘in our case’, D. 131, 4; Ath. 15, 3 ἐ. τῆς ὕλης καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ‘as respects God and matter, so …’) ἐ. τινων δεῖ ἐγκρατεύεσθαι in certain matters one must practice self-control Hm 8:1. οὔτε … οἴδασι τὸν ἐ. τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον nor do they comprehend (the figurative sense of) the sowing of wheat AcPlCor 2:26 (cp. 1 Cor 15:36f).

⑨ marker of power, authority, control of or over someone or someth., over

ⓐ w. gen. (Hdt. 5, 109 al.; Mitt-Wilck. I/1, 124, 1=BGU 1120, 1 [5 B.C.] πρωτάρχῳ ἐ. τοῦ κριτηρίου; 287, 1; LXX; AscIs 2:5 τοῦ ἐ. τῶν πραγματε[ι] ῶν=Denis p. 109) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινος (Judg 9:8, 10; 1 Km 8:7) Rv 5:10. ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων 17:18. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τινος have power over someone 20:6. διδόναι ἐξουσίαν ἐ. τινος 2:26. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινος set someone over, put someone in charge, of someth. or someone (Pla., Rep. 5, 460b; Demosth. 18, 118; Gen 39:4f; 1 Macc 6:14; 10:37; 2 Macc 12:20 al.; EpArist 281; τεταγμένος En 20:5) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42; Ac 6:3. εἶναι ἐ. τινος (Synes., Ep. 79 p. 224d; Tob 1:22; Jdth 14:13; 1 Macc 10:69) ὸ̔ς ἦν ἐ. πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς who was in charge of all her treasure 8:27. Of God ὁ ὢν ἐ. πάντων (Apollonius of Tyana [I A.D.] in Eus., PE 4, 13) Ro 9:5; cp. Eph 4:6. ὁ ἐ. τινος w. ὤν to be supplied (Demosth. 18, 247 al.; Diod S 13, 47, 6; Plut., Pyrrh. 385 [5, 7], Aemil. Paul. 267 [23, 6]; PTebt 5, 88 [118 B.C.] ὁ ἐ. τ. προσόδων; 1 Macc 6:28; 2 Macc 3:7; 3 Macc 6:30 al.; EpArist 110; 174) ὁ ἐ. τοῦ κοιτῶνος the chamberlain Ac 12:20.

ⓑ w dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 5; 2, 4, 25 al., An. 4, 1, 13; Demosth. 19, 113; Aeschines 2, 73; Esth 8:12e; Just., A II, 5, 2 ἀγγέλοις οὓς ἐ. τούτοις ἔταξε; cp. Ath. 24, 3; Ath. 6, 4 τὸν ἐ. τῇ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος λόγον) Mt 24:47; Lk 12:44.

ⓒ w. acc. (X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Dionys. Byz. §56 θεῷ ἐ. πάντα δύναμις; LXX; PsSol 17:3, 32) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινα rule over someone (Gen 37:8; Judg 9:15 B al.) Lk 1:33; 19:14, 27; Ro 5:14. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινα set someone over someone (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 58) κριτὴν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς as judge over you Lk 12:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:10; cp. Hb 2:7 v.l. (Ps 8:7); 3:6; 10:21. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τι Rv 16:9. ἐξουσίαν διδόναι ἐ. τι (Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; 10:19; Rv 6:8; cp. 22:14. φυλάσσειν φυλακὰς ἐ. τι Lk 2:8 (cp. En 100:5). ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐ. τινα exalt oneself above someone 2 Th 2:4 (cp. Da 11:36); but here the mng. against is also poss. (s. 12b below). πιστὸς ἐ. τι faithful over someth. Mt 25:21, 23.

⑩ marker of legal proceeding, before, w. acc. in the lang. of the law-courts ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἄγεσθαι be brought before governors and kings Mt 10:18; cp. Lk 21:12 (cp. BGU 22, 36 [114 A.D.] ἀξιῶ ἀκθῆναι [=ἀχθῆναι] τ. ἐνκαλουμένους ἐ. σὲ πρὸς δέουσαν ἐπέξοδον; Just., A II, 2, 12 ἐ. Οὔρβικον). ὑπάγεις ἐπʼ ἄρχοντα you are going before the magistrate Lk 12:58; cp. Ac 16:19. ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐ. τὸν Πιλᾶτον Lk 23:1. ἐ. τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Ac 9:21. ἐ. Καίσαρα πορεύεσθαι come before the emperor 25:12. ἐ. τὰς συναγωγάς Lk 12:11. ἐ. τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. Cp. 3 above. Here the focus is on transfer to the judiciary.

⑪ marker of purpose, goal, result, to, for, w. acc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac. ἐ. κατοικίαν) ἐ. τὸ βάπτισμα for baptism=to have themselves baptized Mt 3:7 (cp. Just., A I, 61, 10 ἐ. τὸ λουτρόν; D. 56, 1 ἐ. τὴν … κρίσιν πεμφθεῖσι). ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην for (i.e. to see) this sight Lk 23:48 (sim. Hom. et al.; POxy 294, 18 [22 A.D.]; LXX; Tat. 23, 2 ἐ. τὴν θέαν). ἐ. τὸ συμφέρον to (our) advantage Hb 12:10 (cp. Tat. 6, 1; 34, 2 οὐκ ἐ. τι χρήσιμον ‘to no purpose’). ἐ. σφαγήν Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); cp. Mt 22:5; ἐ. τ. τελειότητα Hb 6:1. ἐ. τοῦτο for this (X., An. 2, 5, 22; Jos., Ant. 12, 23) Lk 4:43. ἐφʼ ὅ; for what (reason)? Mt 26:50 v.l. (s. ὅς 1bα and 1iβ). Cp. 16.

⑫ marker of hostile opposition, against

ⓐ w. dat. (Hom. et al.; 2 Macc 13:19; Sir 28:23 v.l.; fig. Ath. 22, 7 τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς λόγους ‘counter-evidence’) Lk 12:52f (s. use of acc. b below); Ac 11:19. Cp. J 8:7 v.l. (1bβ above).

ⓑ w. acc. (Hdt. 1, 71; X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 331; LXX; En; TestJud 3:1 al.; JosAs 19:2; Just., D. 103, 7; Tat. 36, 2) ὥρμησαν ἐ. αὐτόν Ac 7:57. ἔρχεσθαι Lk 14:31. ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐ. γονεῖς Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12; cp. ἔθνος ἐ. ἔθνος Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8. ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν divided against himself Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f, 26; Lk 11:17f; cp. J 13:18 (s. Ps 40:10); Ac 4:27; 13:50 al.—Lk 12:53 (4 times; the first and third occurrences w. the acc. are prob. influenced by usage in Mic 7:6; the use of the dat. Lk 12:52f [s. a above] w. a verb expressing a circumstance is in accord with older Gk. [Il. et al.], which prefers the acc. with verbs of motion in ref. to hostility). Cp. 15.

⑬ marker of number or measure, w. acc. (Hdt. et. al.; LXX; GrBar 3:6) ἐ. τρίς (CIG 1122, 9; PHolm α18) three times Ac 10:16; 11:10. So also ἐ. πολύ more than once Hm 4, 1, 8. ἐ. πολύ (also written ἐπιπολύ) in a different sense to a great extent, carefully (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 2; 25, 2; 3 Macc 5:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 107) B 4:1. ἐ. πλεῖον to a greater extent, further (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Diod S 11, 60, 5 al.; prob. 2 Macc 12:36; TestGad 7:2; Ar. 4, 3; Ath. 7, 1 ἐ. το πλεῖστον) 2 Ti 3:9; 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4). ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον 2 Ti 3:13. ἐφʼ ὅσον to the degree that, in so far as (Diod S 1, 93, 2; Maximus Tyr. 11, 3c ἐφʼ ὅσον δύναται; Hierocles 14 p. 451) Mt 25:40, 45; B 4:11; 17:1; Ro 11:13.

⑭ marker indicating the one to whom, for whom, or about whom someth. is done, to, on, about

ⓐ w. dat. πράσσειν τι ἐ. τινι do someth. to someone Ac 5:35 (thus Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51; cp. δρᾶν τι ἐ. τινι Hdt. 3, 14; Aelian, NA 11, 11); about γεγραμμένα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ J 12:16 (cp. Hdt. 1, 66). προφητεύειν ἐ. τινι Rv 10:11. μαρτυρεῖν bear witness about Hb 11:4; Rv 22:16. ἐ. σοὶ … φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λύτρον the Lord will reveal the salvation to you GJs 7:2.

ⓑ w. acc.

α. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον the man on whom the miracle had been performed Ac 4:22 (cp. Just., D. 128, 1 κρίσεως γεγενημένης ἐ. Σόδομα). ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν λέγεται ταῦτα the one about whom this was said Hb 7:13 (cp. ἐ. πόρρω οὖσαν [γενεὰν] ἐγὼ λαλῶ En 1:2). γέγραπται ἐπʼ αὐτόν Mk 9:12f; cp. Ro 4:9; 1 Ti 1:18; βάλλειν κλῆρον ἐ. τι for someth. Mk 15:24; J 19:24 (Ps 21:19). ἀνέβη ὁ κλῆρος ἐ. Συμεών the lot came up in favor of Simeon GJs 24:4.

β. of powers, conditions, etc., which come upon someone or under whose influence someone is: on, upon, to, over ἐγένετο ῥῆμα θεοῦ ἐ. Ἰωάννην the word of God came to John Lk 3:2 (cp. Jer 1:1). Of divine blessings (cp. En 1:8; ParJer 5:28) Mt 10:13; 12:28; Lk 10:6; 11:20; cp. 10:9; Ac 10:10. ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τ. Χριστοῦ that the power of Christ may rest upon me 2 Cor 12:9. χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. Various verbs are used in ref. to the Holy Spirit, either in pass. or act. role, in connection w. ἐ. τινα: ἐκχεῖν Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f); cp. 10:45; Tit 3:6. ἀποστέλλειν (ἐξαποστέλλειν v.l.) Lk 24:49. ἐπέρχεσθαι 1:35; Ac 1:8 (Just., D. 87, 3; cp. ἔρχεσθαι A I, 33, 6; D. 49, 7 ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλίου ἐ. τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐλθεῖν). ἐπιπίπτειν 10:44. καταβαίνειν Lk 3:22; J 1:33. τίθεσθαι Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1). Also εἶναι Lk 2:25. μένειν J 1:32f. ἀναπαύεσθαι 1 Pt 4:14. Of unpleasant or startling experiences Lk 1:12, 65; 4:36; Ac 13:11; 19:17; Rv 11:11.—Lk 19:43; 21:35, cp. vs. 34; J 18:4; Eph 5:6; cp. Rv 3:3.—Ro 2:2, 9; 15:3 (Ps 68:10). Of the blood of the righteous, that comes over or upon the murderers Mt 23:35; 27:25; Ac 5:28. Of care, which one casts on someone else 1 Pt 5:7 (Ps 54:23).

⑮ marker of feelings directed toward someone, in, on, for, toward, w. acc., after words that express belief, trust, hope: πιστεύειν ἐ. τινα, w. acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 16:4 al.) Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; Ro 4:24. πίστις Hb 6:1. πεποιθέναι (Is 58:14) Mt 27:43; 2 Th 3:4; 2 Cor 2:3. ἐλπίζειν (1 Ch 5:20; 2 Ch 13:18 al.; PsSol 9:10; 17:3; Just., D. 16:4 al.) 1 Pt 1:13; 1 Ti 5:5. After words that characterize an emotion or its expression: for κόπτεσθαι (Zech 12:10) Rv 1:7; 18:9. κλαίειν Lk 23:28; Rv 18:9 (cp. JosAs 15:9 χαρήσεται ἐ. σέ). σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; 9:22; Hm 4, 3, 5; Hs 9, 24, 2. χρηστός toward Lk 6:35. χρηστότης Ro 11:22; Eph 2:7; cp. Ro 9:23. Esp. also if the feelings or their expressions are of a hostile nature: toward, against (cp. λοιδορεῖν Just., D. 137, 2) ἀποτομία Ro 11:22. μαρτύριον Lk 9:5. μάρτυς ἐ. τ. ἐμὴν ψυχήν a witness against my soul (cp. Dssm., LO 258; 355 [LAE 304; 417]) 2 Cor 1:23. ἀσχημονεῖν 1 Cor 7:36. μοιχᾶσθαι Mk 10:11. τολμᾶν 2 Cor 10:2 (En 7:4). βρύχειν τ. ὀδόντας Ac 7:54. Cp. 12.

⑯ marker of object or purpose, with dat. in ref. to someth. (Hom., Thu. et al.; SIG 888, 5 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; PTebt 44, 6 [114 B.C.] ὄντος μου ἐ. θεραπείᾳ ἐν τῷ Ἰσιείω; LXX; TestJob 3:5 ὁ ἐ. τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς ἐλθών; Jos., Ant. 5, 101; Just., A I, 29, 1 ἐ. παίδων ἀναστροφῇ; D. 91, 4 ἐ. σωτηρίᾳ τῶν πιστευόντων) καλείν τινα ἐ. τινι call someone for someth. Gal 5:13 (on ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ cp. Demosth. 23, 124; [59], 32); ἐ. ἀκαθαρσίᾳ for impurity, i.e. so that we should be impure 1 Th 4:7. κτισθέντες ἐ. ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς for good deeds Eph 2:10. λογομαχεῖν ἐ. καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων for the ruin of those who hear 2 Ti 2:14 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 511; X., Mem. 2, 3, 19 ἐ. βλάβη; Hdt. 1, 68 ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου; Polyb. 27, 7, 13 and PGM 4, 2440 ἐπʼ ἀγαθῷ=‘for good’). Cp. 11.

⑰ marker in idiom of authorization, w. dat.: the formula ἐ. τῷ ὀνοματί τινος, in the name of someone, used w. many verbs (Just., D. 39, 6 w. γίνεσθαι, otherw. ἐ. ὀνόματος, e.g. A I, 61, 13; w. διὰ τοῦ ὀ. and in oaths κατὰ τοῦ ὀ. A II, 6, 6, D. 30, 3; 85, 2.—Ath. 23, 1 ἐ. ὀνόματι εἰδώλων.—ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι LXX; JosAs 9:1), focuses on the authorizing function of the one named in the gen. (cp. WHeitmüller [‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903, 13ff], ‘in connection with, or by the use of, i.e. naming, or calling out, or calling upon the name’ [88]): βαπτίζειν Ac 2:38. δέχεσθαί τινα Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. διδάσκειν Ac 4:18; 5:28. δύναμιν ποιεῖν Mk 9:39. ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἔρχεσθαι Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν 24:47. λαλεῖν Ac 4:17; 5:40. Semantically divergent from the preceding, but formulaically analogous, is καλεῖν τινα ἐ. τῷ ὀν. τινος name someone after someone (2 Esdr 17:63) Lk 1:59.—ὄνομα 1dγג.—M-M.

⑱ marker of temporal associations, in the time of, at, on, for

ⓐ w. gen., time within which an event or condition takes place (Hom.+) in the time of, under (kings or other rulers): in the time of Elisha Lk 4:27 (cp. Just., D. 46, 6 ἐ. Ἠλίου). ἐ. τῆς μετοικεσίας at the time of the exile Mt 1:11. Under=during the rule or administration of (Hes., Op. 111; Hdt. 6, 98 al.; OGI 90, 15; PAmh 43, 2 [173 B.C.]; UPZ 162 V, 5 [117 B.C.]; 1 Esdr 2:12; 1 Macc 13:42; 2 Macc 15:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 156 ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ὀ.) ἐ. Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως under, in the time of, Abiathar the high priest Mk 2:26. ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καιάφα Lk 3:2. ἐ. Κλαυδίου Ac 11:28 (Just., A I, 26, 2). ἐ. τῶν πατέρων in the time of the fathers 1 Cl 23:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν in the last days (Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Mi 4:1; Jer 37:24; Da 10:14) 2 Pt 3:3; Hs 9, 12, 3; cp. Hb 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου in the last time Jd 18. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων at the end of the times/ages 1 Pt 1:20. ἐ. τῶν προσευχῶν μου when I pray, in my prayers (cp. PTebt 58, 31 [111 B.C.] ἐ. τ. διαλόγου, ‘in the discussion’; 4 Macc 15:19 ἐ. τ. βασάνων ‘during the tortures’; Sir 37:29; 3 Macc 5:40; Demetr.: 722, Fgm. 1, 14 Jac. ἐ. τοῦ ἀρίστου; Synes., Ep. 121 p. 258c ἐ. τῶν κοινῶν ἱερῶν) Ro 1:10; Eph 1:16; 1 Th 1:2; Phlm 4.

ⓑ w. dat., time at or during which (Hom. et al.; PTebt 5, 66 [118 B.C.]; PAmh 157; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 3 ἐ. χρόνοις Τίερίου) at, in, at the time of, during: ἐ. τοῖς νῦν χρόνοις in these present times 2 Cl 19:4. ἐ. τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ at the time of the first covenant Hb 9:15. ἐ. συντελείᾳ τ. αἰώνων at the close of the age 9:26 (Tat. 13, 1 ἐ. ς. τοῦ κόσμου; cp. Sir 22:10 and PLond III, 954, 18 p. 154 [260 A.D.] ἐ. τέλει τ. χρόνου; POxy 275, 20 [66 A.D.] ἐ. συνκλεισμῷ τ. χρόνου; En 27:3 ἐπʼ ἐσχάτοις αἰώσιν). ἐ. τῇ θυσίᾳ at the time of, together with, the sacrifice Phil 2:17. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν at every remembrance of you Phil 1:3. ἐ. παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν during your wrath, i.e. while you are angry Eph 4:26. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ in all (our) distress 1 Th 3:7b. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει 2 Cor 1:4. ἐ. τούτῳ in the meanwhile J 4:27 (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 2, cp. Philops. 14 p. 41; Syntipas p. 76, 2 ἐφʼ ἡμέραις ἑπτα; 74, 6).

ⓒ w. acc.

α. answering the question ‘when?’ on: ἐ. τὴν αὔριον (Sb 6011, 14 [I B.C.]; PRyl 441 ἐ. τὴν ἐπαύριον) (on) the next day Lk 10:35; Ac 4:5. ἐ. τὴν ὥραν τ. προσευχῆς at the hour of prayer 3:1 (Polyaenus 8, 17 ἐ. ὥραν ὡρισμένην).

β. answering the qu. ‘how long?’ for, over a period of (Hom. et al.; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 170, 8=BGU 1058, 9 [13 B.C.]; POxy 275, 9; 15 ἐ. τὸν ὅλον χρόνον; PTebt 381, 19 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον περίεστιν ἡ μήτηρ; LXX; En 106:15; TestJob 30:2 ἐ. ὥρας τρεῖς; TestJud 3:4; TestGad 5:11; Jos., Ant. 11, 2; Just., D. 142, 1 ἐ. ποσόν ‘for awhile’) ἐ. ἔτη τρία for three years (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.) Lk 4:25. ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας for three days (Diod S 13, 19, 2; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 4; GDI 4706, 119 [Thera] ἐπʼ ἀμέρας τρεῖς) GPt 8:30 al. ἐ. ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31.—16:18 (ἐ. πολλὰς ἡμέρας as Appian, Liby. 29 §124; cp. Diod S 3, 16, 4); 17:2; 19:8, 10, 34; 27:20; Hb 11:30. ἐ. χρόνον for a while (cp. Il. 2, 299; Hdt. 9, 22, 1; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1257; Jos., Vi. 2) Lk 18:4. ἐ. πλείονα χρόνον (Diod S 3, 16, 6; Hero Alex. I p. 344, 17) Ac 18:20. ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον as long as Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1. Also ἐφʼ ὅσον as long as Mt 9:15; 2 Pt 1:13 (for other mngs. of ἐφʼ ὅσον s. above under 13). ἐφʼ ἱκανόν (sc. χρόνον) for a considerable time (EpArist 109) Ac 20:11. ἐ. χρόνον ἱκανόν Qua. ἐ. πολύ for a long time, throughout a long period of time (Thu. 1, 7; 1, 18, 1; 2, 16, 1 al.; Appian, Liby. 5 §21; Arrian, Cyneg. 23, 1; Lucian, Toxar. 20; Wsd 18:20; Sir 49:13; JosAs 19:3; Jos., Vi. 66: Just., A I, 65, 3) Ac 28:6. ἐ. πλεῖον the same (schol. on Pind., N. 7, 56b; PLille 3, 16 [III B.C.]; Jdth 13:1; Sir prol. l. 7; Jos., Ant. 18, 150) Ac 20:9; any longer (Lucian, D. Deor. 5, 3; Appian, Hann. 54 §227; 3 Macc 5:8; Wsd 8:12; Ath. 12, 3) Ac 24:4; 1 Cl 55:1.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐπί
15 χαλκός

χαλκός (-ός, -οῦ, -ῷ, -όν.)

1 bronze (but the epithet πολιός suggests iron, P. 3.48, P. 11.20) ὅ τ' ἐν Ἄργει χαλκὸς ἔγνω μιν (the bronze shield, which was given as a prize at the Hekatombaia in Argos) O. 7.83 κεφαλᾶν πολλᾶν νόμον λεπτοῦ διανισόμενον χαλκοῦ θαμὰ καὶ δονάκων (i. e. a bronze mouthpiece) P. 12.25 ἀλλὰ χαλκὸν μυρίον οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξελέγχειν (bronze prizes in the games) N. 10.45 ὁ δ' ἄφαρ πλεκτόν τε χαλκὸν ὑπερη[.. ]. ε τραπεζαν προβάτων ἁλυσιωτὸν δἰ ἑρκέων bronze chain fr. 169. 26. esp., sword, spear,
πολιῷ χαλκῷ μέλη τετρωμένοι P. 3.48

Κασσάνδραν πολιῷ χαλκῷ πόρεὐ Ἀχέροντος ἀκτὰν παρ' εὔσκιον νηλὴς γυνά P. 11.20

ἤλασε Λυγκέος ἐν πλευραῖσι χαλκόν N. 10.70

Lexicon to Pindar > χαλκός
16 βάπτω

βάπτω, [tense] fut. βάψω ([etym.] ἐμ-) Ar. Pax 959: [tense] aor.

A ἔβαψα S.Aj.95
, etc.:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut. βάψομαι Ar.Lys.51
: [tense] aor. ἐβαψάμην Arat.951
, AP9.326 (Leon.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. βᾰφήσομαι LXXLe.11.32
, M.Ant.8.51: [tense] aor. ἐβάφθην AP6.254
(Myrin.), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Ar.Fr. 416; in [dialect] Att. generally ἐβάφην [ᾰ] Pl.R. 429e, etc.: [tense] pf. βέβαμμαι Hdt.7.67
, Ar. Pax 1176.

I trans., dip, ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν.. εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ (so as to temper the red-hot steel) Od.9.392; β. εἰς ὕδωρ Pl.Ti. 73e
, cf. Emp.100.11; τἄρια θερμῷ Ar.Ec. 216
; εἰς μέλι, εἰς κηρόν, Arist.HA 605a29, de An. 435a2:—[voice] Pass., βαπτόμενος σίδηρος iron in process of being tempered, Plu.2.136a; and of coral, become hard, Dsc.5.121 (s. v. l.).

b of slaughter in Trag, ἐν σφαγαῖσι βάψασα ξίφος A.Pr. 863
; ἔβαψας ἔγχος εὖ πρὸς Ἀργείων στρατῷ; S.Aj.95
; φάσγανον εἴσω σαρκὸς ἔβαψεν E.Ph. 1578
(lyr.); in later Prose, εἰς τὰ πλευρὰ β. τὴν αἰχμήν D.H.5.15
; β. τὸν δάκτυλον ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος LXXLe.4.17
.

c also, dip in poison, ἔβαψεν ἰούς S.Tr. 574
; χιτῶνα τόνδ' ἔβαψα ib. 580.

2 dye, ἔβαψεν.. ξίφος the sword dyed [the robe] red, A.Ch. 1011; β. τὰ κάλλη dye the beautiful cloths, Eup.333; β. ἔρια ὥστ' εἶναι ἁλουργά Pl.R. 429d
; εἵματα βεβαμμένα Hdt.7.67
; τρίχας βάπτειν AP11.68
(Lucill.): abs. in [voice] Med., dye the hair, Men.363.4, Nicol.Com.1.33; glaze earthen vessels, Ath.11.480e; of gilding and silvering, Ps.-Democr.Alch.p.46 B.: Com., βάπτειν τινὰ βάμμα Σαρδιανικόν dye one in the [red] dye of Sardes, i. e. give him a bloody coxcomb, Ar. Ach. 112; but βέβαπται β. Κυζικηνικόν he has been dyed in the dye of Cyzicus, i. e. is an arrant coward, Id. Pax 1176 (v. Sch.).

3 draw water by dipping a vessel, ἀνθ' ὕδατος τᾷ κάλπιδι κηρία βάψαι Theoc. 5.127
; ἀρύταιναν.. ἐκ μέσου βάψασα τοῦ λέβητος ζέοντος ὕδατος draw water by dipping the bucket, Antiph.25, cf. Thphr.Char.9.8; βάψασα ποντίας ἁλός (sc. τὸ τεῦχος) having dipped it so as to draw water from the sea, E.Hec. 610.

4 baptize, Arr.Epict.2.9.20 ([voice] Pass.).

II intr., ναῦς ἔβαψεν the ship dipped, sank, E.Or. 707; β. εἰς ψυχρὸν [αἱ ἐγχέλυς] Arist.HA 592a18; εἰ δ' ὁ μὲν (sc. ἠέλιος) ἀνέφελος βάπτοι ῥόου ἑσπερίοιο Arat.858
( ῥόον Sch.): c. acc., νῆα.. βάπτουσαν ἤδη κῦμα κυρτόν dipping into.., Babr.71.2:—also [voice] Med., ποταμοῖο ἐβάψατο Arat. 951
.

2 βάψας (sc. τὴν κώπην) Ar.Fr. 225. (Cf. O Norse kuefia 'dip'.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βάπτω
17 βαφή

βᾰφ-ή, ἡ,

A dipping of red-hot iron in water, S.Aj. 651: hence, temper or edge of a blade or tool produced thereby, τὴν β. ἀφιᾶσιν ὥσπερ ὁ σίδηρος εἰρήνην ἄγοντες Arist.Pol. 1334a8
, cf. Plu.Alex. 32, Pyrrh.24; τὰ σιδήρια τὴν β. ἀνίησι lose their edge, Thphr.HP5.3.3, cf. CP1.22.6; χαλκοῦ βαφαί prob. poet. for σιδήρου β. in A.Ag. 612 (v. Sch. ad loc., but cf. βάψις): metaph., temper, τῆς ἀνδρείας οἷον β. τις ὁ θυμός ἐστι καὶ στόμωμα Plu.2.988d
; of wine, ib.650b.

II dye, Thphr.HP4.6.5; πορφυρᾶ β. A.Pers. 317
(metaph. of blood), cf. Pl.R. 430a; κρόκου βαφάς the saffron-dyed robe, A.Ag. 239 (lyr.); βαφαὶ ὕδρας the arrows dipped in the hydra's blood, E.HF 1188 (lyr.); χειλέων β. Philostr.Ep.22
: metaph., β. τυραννίδος Plu.2.779c
.

III enamelling, χαλκοῦ.. βαφῇ κυάνου στίλβοντος ib.395b.

2 gilding, silvering, αἱ δύο β. Zos.Alch.p.168B., cf. p.208B.

IV infection, Aret.CD2.13.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βαφή
18 δαιμόνιος

δαιμόνιος, α, ον: also ος, ον A.Th. 892, Lys.6.32, OGI383.175 ([place name] Commagene):—

A of or belonging to a δαίμων: properly miraculous, marvellous, but:

I in Hom. only in voc., δαιμόνιε, -ίη, good sir, or lady, addressed to chiefs or commoners, Il.2.190, 200, al., Hes. Th. 655: pl., Od.4.774: esp. in addressing strangers, 23.166, 174; used by husbands and wives, Il.6.407, 486 (Hector and Andromache), 24.194 (Priam to Hecuba): later c. gen., δαιμόνιε ἀνδρῶν Hdt.4.126
, 7.48, 8.84: freq. in Com., in an iron. sense, ὦ δαιμόνι' ἀνδρῶν Ar. Ec. 564
, 784, etc.; ὦ δαιμόνι' Id.Ra.44
, 175; ὦ δαιμόνι' ἀνθρώπων Id.Av. 1638
, cf. Pl.R. 344d, 522b, Grg. 489d, etc.

II from Hdt. and Pi. downwds. (Trag. in lyr.), heaven-sent, miraculous, marvellous, βῶλαξ Pi.P.4.37
; τέρας B.15.35
, S.Ant. 376; ὁρμή Hdt.7.18
; ἀραί, ἄχη, A.Th. 892, Pers. 581; ἡ φύσις δ. ἀλλ' οὐ θεία Arist.Div. Somn.463b14
; εὐεργεσία D.2.1
; εἰ μή τι δ. εἴη were it not a divine intervention, X.Mem.1.3.5, cf. S.El. 1270;
τὰ δαιμόνια
visitations of heaven, ways of God, Th.2.64
, X.Mem.1.1.12; πολλαὶ μορφαὶ τῶν δ. E.Alc. 1159
, al.; δ. ἀνάγκη Lys.
l.c.; δ. τύχη of ill fortune, Pl.Hp. Ma.304b; Ἄπολλον, ἔφη, δαιμονίας ὑπερβολῆς ! Id.R. 509c.

2 of persons, τῷ δ. ὡς ἀληθῶς καὶ θαυμαστῷ Id.Smp. 219b
; ὁ περὶ τοιαῦτα σοφὸς δ. ἀνήρ ib. 203a; δαιμόνιος τὴν σοφίαν Luc.Philops.32
: [comp] Comp. - ώτερος D.C.53.8
.

III Adv. - ίως by Divine power, opp. ἀνθρωπίνως, Aeschin.3.133, cf.Pl.Ti. 25e; marvellously, Ar.Nu.76; δ. περί τι ἐσπουδακώς Aeschin.1.41
; δ. ποιεῖ, of remedies, Aët.15.14, al.; [οἶνος] δ. γέρων Alex.167.5
; δ. καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς prob. in Epicur.Fr. 183 (cf. δάϊος): neut. pl. as Adv., δαιμόνια Ar. Pax 585
;
δαιμονιώτατα ἀποθνῄσκει
most clearly by the hand of the gods, X.HG7.4.3
: also in fem. dat., δαιμονίᾳ, formed like κοινῇ, θεσπεσίῃ, etc., Pi.O.9.110.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δαιμόνιος
19 Ζεύς

Ζεύς, ὁ, nom. Il.1.175, al., once written

A Ζηύς IG12(3).1313
([place name] Thera), but Ζεύς ib.1316, al.; [dialect] Boeot. Δεύς (q.v.); voc. Ζεῦ Il.1.503
, etc.; gen. Διϝός BMus.Inscr.952
(Cephallenia, vi B.C.), Διός Il.1.63
, etc.; dat. Διϝί Schwyzer 80
(Argive, from Olympia, v B.C.), Διί Il.1.578
, al., IG12.80.12 (v B.C.), etc., [var] contr. Δί [ῑ] Pi.O.13.106, SIG9,35 (Elis, vi B.C., Syrac., v B.C., from Olympia); late Δεΐ JHS32.167
([place name] Pisidia), etc.; acc. Δία, rarer than Διός, Διί in Hom. (Il.1.394, al.), freq. later (cf. Skt. dyaús, gen. divás, loc. diví 'sky', 'heaven', 'day', loc. also dyávi,= Lat. Jove, acc. dyā´m,= Lat. diem,= Gr. Ζῆν (v. infr.)): also nom. [full] Ζήν prob. in A.Supp. 162 (lyr.); gen. dat. acc. Ζηνός, Ζηνί, Ζῆνα, Il.4.408, 2.49, 14.157, al., freq. in Trag. (Com. only in Trag. phrases); Coan Ζηνί SIG1025.24
(iv/iii B.C.); acc. Ζῆν ( Ζῆν' Aristarch.
) Il.8.206, 14.265, 24.331, Hes.Th. 884, at end of verse, before vowel in next verse (stem Ζην- prob. originated in acc. sg.); Cret. Ττηνός, Ττηνί, GDI5024.23, 77, Τῆνα, Τηνί, ib.5039.11, 5145.12, Δῆνα SIG527.17
(iii B.C.); nom. Δήν Hdn.Gr.2.911:—[dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion. forms with α (of doubtful origin), nom. [full] Ζάν Pythag. ap. Porph.VP17, Ar.Av. 570; gen. Ζανός Schwyzer 696
(Chios, iv B.C.), Cerc.1.7, Philox.3.10, IG5(1).407 (Sparta, ii A.D.); Ζανός and Ζανί, Lyr.Adesp. 82A, B ([place name] Ionic); acc. Ζᾶνα Call.Fr.10.6P.
, cf. Euhem.24J. ( FGrH 63); nom. [full] Ζάς Pherecyd.Syr.1, 2 ( Ζής ap.Hdn.Gr. l.c.), Ζάς Ζαντός Choerob. in Theod.1.116
; [full] Δάν (q. v.); [full] Τάν Head Hist.Num. 2469 ([place name] Crete); nom. [full] Δίς Rhinth.14, Hdn.Gr. l.c.:—obl. cases Ζεός, Ζεΐ, Ζέα, cited by S.E.M.1.177, 195; Ζεῦν f.l. for Ζῆν' Aeschrio 8.5: the pl. Δίες, Δίας, Διῶν, Δισί, Ael.Dion.Fr. 127; τοὺς κτησίους Δίας Ath. 11.473b
; Δίες καὶ Ζῆνες Stoic.2.191
; Elean Ζᾶνες Paus.5.21.2
:— Zeus, the sky-god, ὔει μὲν ὀ Z. Alc.34, cf. SIG93.34 (v B.C.), Thphr. Char.14.12, etc.; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί Il.6.476
; ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ πάντες θεοί, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, X.Cyr.2.2.10, Ar.Pl.1, etc.; Ζεῦ Ζεῦ A.Ch. 246
, Ar.V. 323 (lyr., prob. l.); ὦ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ, τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φρενῶν Id.Nu. 153
; in oaths, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, twice in Hom., Il.23.43, Od.20.339: freq. in Com. and Prose, οὐ μὰ Δία Ar.V. 193
, Pl.R. 426b (c.Art., μὰ τὸν Δί', οὐ Ar.V. 169
, al.); ναὶ μὰ Δία Id.Ach.88
, X.Mem.2.7.14; νὴ τὸν Δία or νὴ Δία, Ar.V. 217, Eq. 319, etc.; cf. νηδί; πρὸς τοῦ Διός Id.Av. 130
; πρὸς Διός X.An.5.7.32
; οὐ τὸν Δία alone, Ar.Lys. 986: prov. of enormous wealth, τῷ Διὶ πλούτου πέρι ἐρίζειν Hdt.5.49
.

II of other deities, Ζ. καταχθόνιος,= Πλούτων, Il.9.457; Ζ. χθόνιος S.OC 1606
, SIG1024.25 (Myconos, iii/ii B.C.); of non-Greek divinities, Ζ. Ἄμμων Pi.P. 4.16
, etc.; freq. of Semitic Baalim, Z. Βεελβώσωρος, etc., OGI620 (Gerasa, i A.D.)), etc.; Z. Ὠρομάσδης,= Pers. Ahuramazda, ib.383.41 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.).

III of persons, ὁ σχινοκέφαλος Z., iron. of Pericles, Cratin.71; in flattery of kings, Hdt.7.56 (of Xerxes); Ξέρξης ὁ τῶν Περσῶν Z. Gorg.Fr.5aD.; [ἱερεὺς] Σελεύκου Διὸς Νικάτορος OGI245.10
(ii B.C.); of the Roman emperors, Opp.C.1.3; Νέρων Z. Ἐλευθέριος IG7.2713.41
([place name] Acraephiae), etc.; Ζῆνα τὸν Αἰνεάδην AP9.307
(Phil.).

IV Διὸς ἀστήρ the planet Jupiter, Pl.Epin. 987c, Arist.Mete. 343b30, etc.; so Ζεύς Placit.2.32.1
, Cleom.2.7; Διὸς ἡμέρα a day of the week, D.C.37.19.

V Pythag. name for the monad, Theol.Ar.12.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ζεύς
20 κόγχος

κόγχος, ὁ (ἡ Paus.1.44.6, cf.Plb.6.23.5),

A = κόγχη 1, A.Fr.34, Epich. 42.9, Crates Theb.7; κόγχων (gen. pl.) Arist.HA 528a24 (but κόγχαι ib.22).

2 = κόγχη 1.2, shell-full, κ. ἁλῶν Phryn.Com.49
, cf. Dsc. 1.30.

II anything like a mussel-shell,

1 upper part of the skull, Lyc.1105.

2 boss of a shield, Plb.l.c.

3 small iron crucible, Dsc.5.95.

4 socket of the eye, Poll.2.71 (pl.).

5 kneepan, ib. 188.

III soup of lentils boiled with the pods, Timo 3.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κόγχος

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